@article {887,
	title = {Predictive Dynamic Simulation of Olympic Track Cycling Standing Start Using Direct Collocation Optimal Control},
	journal = {Multibody System Dynamics},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {<p>Much of the previous research on modeling and simulation of cycling has focused on seated pedaling, modeling the crank load with an effective resistive torque and inertia. This study focuses on modeling standing starts, a component of certain track cycling events in which the cyclist starts from rest and attempts to accelerate to top speed as quickly as possible. A ten degree-of-freedom, two-legged cyclist and bicycle model was developed and utilized for predictive dynamic simulations of standing starts. Experimental data including crank torque, cadence, and joint kinematics were collected for a member of the Canadian Olympic team performing standing starts on the track. Using direct collocation optimal control to maximize the simulated distance traveled, the predictive simulations aligned well with the experiments and replicated key aspects of the standing start technique such as the drive and reset. The model\&rsquo;s use in \&ldquo;What if?\&rdquo; scenarios presents interesting possibilities for investigating optimal techniques and equipment in cycling.\&nbsp;</p>
},
	keywords = {Optimal Control, Sports Biomechanics, Sports Engineering},
	issn = {1573-272X},
	doi = {10.1007/s11044-020-09723-3},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11044-020-09723-3},
	author = {Conor Jansen and John McPhee}
}
