@article {Zrinyi201743,
	title = {Oxidation of benzoic acid by heat-activated persulfate: Effect of temperature on transformation pathway and product distribution},
	journal = {Water Research},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 19},
	pages = {43-51},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {Heat activates persulfate (S2O8 2-) into sulfate radical (SO4 [rad]-), a powerful oxidant capable of transforming a wide variety of contaminants. Previous studies have shown that an increase in temperature accelerates the rates of persulfate activation and contaminant transformation. However, few studies have considered the effect of temperature on contaminant transformation pathway. The objective of this study was to determine how temperature (T~=~22{\textendash}70~{\textdegree}C) influences the activation of persulfate, the transformation of benzoic acid (i.e., a model compound), and the distribution of benzoic acid oxidation products. The time-concentration profiles of the products suggest that benzoic acid was transformed via decarboxylation and hydroxylation mechanisms, with the former becoming increasingly important at elevated temperatures. The pathway through which the products were further oxidized was also influenced by the temperature of persulfate activation. Our findings suggest that the role of temperature in the persulfate-based treatment systems is not limited only to controlling the rates of sulfate and hydroxyl radical generation. The ability of sulfate radical to initiate decarboxylation reactions and, more broadly, fragmentation reactions, as well as the effect of temperature on these transformation pathways could be important to the transformation of a number of organic contaminants. {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {Activated persulfate, Advanced Oxidation Processes, Article, Benzoic acid, Carboxylation, Chemical, Chemical activation, chemical compound, chemical reaction kinetics, Contamination, decarboxylation, Decarboxylation reactions, fragmentation reaction, Fragmentation reactions, Groundwater, Groundwater treatment, heat, Hot Temperature, hydroxyl radical, Hydroxyl radical generation, Hydroxylation, Impurities, organic pollutant, oxidant, Oxidation, oxidation reduction reaction, Oxidation-Reduction, persulfate, pollutant removal, priority journal, soil analysis, sulfate, Sulfates, Sulfur compounds, Temperature, temperature effect, temperature sensitivity, Time-concentration profiles, transformation, Transformation pathways, unclassified drug, water pollutant, Water Pollutants, Water treatment},
	issn = {00431354},
	doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.066},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018349473\&doi=10.1016\%2fj.watres.2017.04.066\&partnerID=40\&md5=bb56844305381cfc146e134f95945c71},
	author = {Zrinyi, N. and Pham, A.L.-T.}
}
