@article {7435320, title = {A Local Backup Protection Algorithm for HVDC Grids}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery}, volume = {31}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, month = {August}, pages = {1767-1775}, keywords = {Backup protection, breaker failure, Circuit faults, current waveform, DC breaker operation, DC fault, Delays, fast backup relaying algorithm, fault current interruption interval, fault currents, HVDC grid, HVDC power transmission, HVDC transmission, Interrupters, local backup protection algorithm, power electronics, power system protection, power transmission faults, power transmission protection, power transmission reliability, power-electronics component, primary protection malfunction detection, protective relaying algorithm, relay failure subsystem, relaying algorithm, Relays, system reliability, Voltage measurement, voltage waveform}, issn = {0885-8977}, author = {W. Leterme and S. P. Azad and D. Van Hertem} }