<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trevor Hrynyk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frank J Vecchio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capturing out-of-plane shear failures in the analysis of reinforced concrete shells</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Structural Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001311</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04015058</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A procedure for nonlinear analysis of RC slabs and shell structures is presented. Cracked RC is treated as an orthotropic material governed by a smeared rotating crack procedure and the constitutive formulations of the disturbed stress field model. The analysis procedure is implemented within the framework of a finite-element program employing layered thick-shell elements that consider out-of-plane (through-thickness) shear deformations. A simple modification method employing an effective shear strain concept is introduced to improve the out-of-plane performance of the layered shell element for RC applications. The adequacy of the procedure is verified using test data of RC members controlled by out-of-plane shear failure mechanisms and elements under combined in-plane and out-of-plane loading scenarios. The nonlinear finite-element program is shown to be suitable for elements exhibiting ductile or&amp;nbsp;brittle responses, and the shear modification method introduced is found to be capable of capturing out-of-plane shear failures.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue></record></records></xml>