@article{18,
  keywords = {close reading, Digital humanities, distant reading, implicit interaction, ink annotations, pen-based interfaces},
  author = {Hrim Mehta and Adam Bradley and Mark Hancock and Christopher Collins},
  title = {Metatation: Annotation as Implicit Interaction to Bridge Close and Distant Reading},
  abstract = {<p>In the domain of literary criticism many critics practice close reading, annotating by hand while performing a detailed analysis of a single text. Often this process employs the use of external resources to aid analysis. In this paper we present a study and subsequent tool design focused on leveraging a critic\&amp;$\#$39;s annotations as implicit interactions for initiating context-specific computational support that automatically searches external resources. We observed 14 poetry critics performing a close reading, revealing a set of cognitive practices supported through free-form annotation that have not previously been discussed in this context. We used guidelines derived from our study to design a tool, Metatation, which uses a pen-and-paper system with a peripheral display to utilize reader annotations as underspecified interactions to augment close reading. By turning paper-based annotations into implicit queries, Metatation provides relevant supplemental information in a just-in-time manner and acts as a bridge between close and distant reading.</p>
},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (ToCHI)},
  volume = {24},
  number = {5},
  pages = {35:1\textendash35:41},
  month = {nov},
  publisher = {ACM},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  issn = {1073-0516},
  doi = {10.1145/3131609},
}