@inproceedings {331,
	title = {Shape-guided active contour based segmentation and tracking of lumbar vertebrae in video fluoroscopy using complex wavelets},
	booktitle = {30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society},
	year = {2008},
	month = {08/2008},
	address = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
	abstract = {<p>This paper presents a novel shape-guided active contour based approach for segmenting and tracking lumbar vertebrae in video fluoroscopy using complex-valued wavelets. representations. Due to low radiation exposure levels, fluoroscopic images are characterized by low signal-to-noise ratios, low contrast resolution, and illumination non-homogeneities both spatially and temporally, making current methods ill-suited for segmenting and tracking lumbar vertebrae based on existing energy functionals. Furthermore, current methods perform poorly in situations characterized by high curvature as found in the structure of lumbar spine vertebrae. In this paper, a novel iterative estimation approach is used to determine an external energy functional based on complex wavelets. A shaped-guided algorithm is used to evolve the contour around a lumbar spine vertebra based on the complex wavelet energy. The high curvature exhibited by the lumbar spine vertebra is addressed through a novel importance sampling scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves significantly better segmentation and tracking performance for lumbar spine vertebrae in fluoroscopic images when compared to existing techniques.</p>
},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Automated, Computer-Assisted, Female, Fluoroscopy, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Pattern Recognition, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Video Recording, Young Adult},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2008.4649290},
	author = {A Wong and A Mishra and P Fieguth and D A. Clausi and N M. Dunk and J Callaghan}
}
