@article {179,
	title = {Synthesis of remote sensing label fields using a tree-structured hierarchical model},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {2060-2070},
	abstract = {<p>The systematic evaluation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data analysis tools, such as segmentation and classification algorithms for geographic information systems, is difficult given the unavailability of ground-truth data in most cases. Therefore, testing is typically limited to small sets of pseudoground-truth data collected manually by trained experts, or primitive synthetic sets composed of simple geometries. To address this issue, we investigate the potential of employing an alternative approach, which involves the synthesis of SAR data and corresponding label fields from real SAR data for use as a reliable evaluation testbed. Given the scale-dependent nonstationary nature of SAR data, a new modeling approach that combines a resolution-oriented hierarchical method with a region-oriented binary tree structure is introduced to synthesize such complex data in a realistic manner. Experimental results using operational RADARSAT SAR sea-ice data and SIR-C/X-SAR land-mass data show that the proposed hierarchical approach can better model complex nonstationary scale structures than local MRF approaches and existing nonparametric methods, thus making it well suited for synthesizing SAR data and the corresponding label fields for potential use in the systematic evaluation of SAR data analysis tools.</p>
},
	keywords = {complex nonstationary scale structures, geographic information systems, geophysical image processing, image classification, image segmentation, Markov processes, operational RADARSAT SAR sea ice data, pseudoground truth data, region-oriented binary tree structure, remote sensing by radar, remote sensing label fields, resolution-oriented hierarchical method, SAR data analysis tools, sea ice, SIR-C/X-SAR land mass data, synthetic aperture radar, tree data structures, tree-structured hierarchical model},
	issn = {0196-2892},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2102765},
	author = {Y Liu and A Wong and P Fieguth}
}
@inproceedings {528,
	title = {Design and establishment of multi-scale spatial information system based on regional planning and decision making},
	booktitle = {IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium},
	year = {2001},
	abstract = {<p>Fast development of Geomatics and network integrated technology demonstrates that spatial information are widely used in regional planning and decision making. Existing non-standardized multi-sources and multi-scales data have a shortage of spatial information sharing in both internal and external application departments or units, especially in the network era. A pilot regional planning and decision making spatial information system based on a standardized and network sharing technology is presented in this paper. The research area is composed of eight counties in Jinghong Region and Simao Region of Yunnan Province in China. Spatial information resources such as remote sensing, digital maps, and paper maps are collected from different departments. Statistics data such as agriculture, forest, earthquake hazard, ore, hydrogeology, ecology, transportation, population, tourism, and trade, etc. are the composition of the application system. The system will be mainly used by regional planners and managers in the province and the regions via Internet. The applications of general users are also considered. Geographic Metadata standardization for spatial information is used as an Internet engine between users and datasets. Arc/INFO and ArcView GIS are the basic software for information integration. WebGIS is used for spatial information sharing design and GeoMedia is accepted as a basic web software platform. Other software for multi-dimensional information display and management are designed and applied for virtual reality planning and application in the project</p>
},
	keywords = {agriculture, China, decision making, decision support systems, forest, geographic information system, geographic information systems, geomatics, geophysical measurement technique, geophysical signal processing, geophysical techniques, geophysics computing, GIS, Jinghong, land surface, land use, metadata, multi-dimensional information display, multiscale spatial information system, population, regional planning, Remote Sensing, sharing technology, Simao, tourism, town and country planning, vegetation, WebGIS, Yunnan Province},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2001.977131},
	author = {Y Zhao and D A. Clausi}
}
