@article{89,
  author = {Milad Nazarahari and Sahand Ajami and Soo Jeon and Arash Arami},
  title = {Visual Feedback Decoding During Bimanual Circle Drawing},
  abstract = {<p><span><span><span>The between-hand interference during bimanual tasks is a consequence of the connection between the neural controllers <span>that plan the upper extremities’ movements</span>. Previous studies showed the existence of an asymmetric <span>between-hand interference (caused by neural crosstalk) when different kinematics plans were to be executed by each hand. Nevertheless, little is known about between-hand interference/cooperation when one hand is visually guided with composite feedback</span> (i.e., a weighted sum of both hand positions). Here we investigate<span>d</span> the central nervous system’s (CNS) ability to decode the position information of an invisible hand from composite feedback. We designed a continuous bimanual circle drawing with only one hand operated under visual feedback (e.g., <span>guided</span> with actual/altered feedback). Our results <span>demonstrated</span> a significant decrease in the invisible non-dominant hand (NDH) deviation from the <span>displayed</span> trajectory and <span>a decrease in the distance between centers of the traced and displayed</span> <span>circles </span>when composite feedback was presented on the dominant hand (DH) motion. In contrast, when NDH was visually guided, <span>DH performance deteriorated</span>. <span>This indicates the CNS’s unidirectional ability to decode the position of the invisible NDH</span> from the composite feedback. Also, when DH/NDH <span>was</span> visually guided with amplified error feedback, the invisible contralateral side performance degraded, with visually-guided DH having a greater impact on NDH, supporting the asymmetry of interference. Comparing muscle activations, we <span>concluded</span> that the observed kinematic differences <span>were</span> not due to alternation in muscle co-contractions. Findings are discussed in the context of <span>decoding ability,</span> neural crosstalk, and functional lateralization theory.</span></span></span></p>
},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
  volume = {130},
}