If the copy posted to a learning management system is covered by fair dealing, it is likely that the copy can be included in courseware without permission as well. If, however, the copy posted to a learning management system is permitted under a licence agreement between Waterloo and the publisher, it is necessary to consult the licence agreement to determine whether a copy may also be included in courseware. Some copyright holders will grant users permission to upload the work to a password-protected website, like one of Waterloo's learning management systems, but not to copy the work in print format. Courseware must confirm whether permission is required separately, even if the item has already been posted to a learning management system.