Undergraduate students

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13. Do I have to cite my sources? What does a citation have to include?

Regardless of whether or not material is still protected by copyright or whether or not a license/terms of use/Copyright Act exception requires attribution, university policy requires you to cite your sources.

17. How can I tell if the materials I find online are legal copies?

Figuring out if the content you want to use was legally posted online can be difficult. That said, there are a few things to keep in mind when assessing content that will help you make a more informed decision. If you are having difficulty figuring out if the content you want to use is a legal copy, please contact us at copyright@uwaterloo.ca.

09. What are moral rights and what do they have to do with copyright?

Moral rights are additional rights held by authors of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works. They consist of rights that protect the integrity of a work and the reputation of its author. The right of attribution is the right to always be identified as the author of a work or to remain anonymous (for more information on attribution, see question 13).

05. How does copyright work differently in Canada and the United States?

In general, the copyright laws in the U.S. and Canada are different. For example, the U.S. has a provision known as "fair use" that is different from the Canadian equivalent ("fair dealing"). See Question 07: What is fair dealing and how does it relate to copyright? for more information.

06. How does copyright work internationally?

Copyright is recognized internationally thanks to international conventions. So, generally, your copyright will be protected in other countries, but there may be some differences in terms of how your work would be protected. If you’re concerned about someone’s use of your work outside of Canada, you will need to check the copyright laws of that jurisdiction to confirm whether the use in question infringes your copyright.

02. What rights does a copyright owner have?

Copyright gives the copyright owner several legal rights, such as the right to copy and translate a work, the right to communicate a work to the public by telecommunication, and the right to assign permission to third parties to circulate the work on the copyright owner's behalf. These rights are qualified by certain exceptions that balance the copyright owner’s interests with the public interest in allowing the use of copyright-protected works for purposes such as education and research.

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