The following researchers have been recognized as Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada. Election to the academies of the Royal Society is "the highest honour a scholar can achieve in the Arts, Humanities and Sciences." Inductees have been "elected by their peers in recognition of outstanding scholarly, scientific and artistic achievement."
- János Aczél, 1971
- Jiri Cizek, 1988
- Richard Cleve, 2010
- Kenneth Davidson, 1992
- J. Alan George, 1992
- Vidyadhar P. Godambe, 2002
- Ian Goulden, 2010
- David Jackson, 2005
- Jack Kalbfleisch, 1994
- Jerald Lawless, 2000
- Ming Li, 2006
- J. Ian Munro, 2003
- M. Tamer Ӧzsu, 2016
- Joseph Paldus, 1983
- David Sprott, 1975
- Cameron Stewart, 1989
- Douglas Robert Stinson, 2011
- Mary Thompson, 2006
- Scott Vanstone, 1998