(1961) - The Pitfalls of National Consciousness - Frantz Fanon

In 1961, Frantz Fanon addressed the limitations of national consciousness in post-colonial societies, critiquing its potential to reinforce class divisions rather than fostering true liberation. He argued that while national consciousness can initially unite oppressed people, it often becomes co-opted by the bourgeoisie, resulting in a superficial independence that fails to dismantle the structures of colonial exploitation. He emphasizes that true freedom cannot be achieved through nationalism alone but requires a deeper transformation of society, which involves addressing both the economic exploitation and the psychological impact of colonialism.