(1984) - We Shall Overcome, 1960 - 1965 - Manning Marable
In this book, Race, Reform, and Rebellion, the fourth chapter, We Shall Overcome, 1960-1965, events such as the Second Reconstruction Civil Rights movement occurred with the goal of ridding society of Jim Crow laws. Even with the gradual decrease of discriminatory laws from a legal standpoint, racially motivated hate crimes were still ongoing. Non-violent protestors were beaten and cut with razors and knives, hot cigarettes burned on their faces and arms, spat upon and kicked to the floor, and locked up in overcrowded jail cells. There were also growing non-violent modes of protest such as sit-ins, stand-ins, wade-ins, and pray-ins. Additionally, during this time, there were increasing amounts of white allies joining the civil activism movements. Hope was to never be let go of, particularly in sight of a better future for future generations to come.
Black Southerners had the electoral franchise; but what of economic security, housing, childcare, medical care, and the right to live without fear? So much had been won, but the greatest expectations of the black poor and working class had not yet been achieved.