Small Spaces, Many Places: A Phenomenological Analysis of Technology-Mediated Placemaking in Small Spaces

This paper explores the concept of placemaking within small, constrained spaces, challenging implicit assumptions in past human-computer interaction work that creating meaningful “places” requires large spaces. Our study focuses on individuals living in settings like van homes, co-living spaces, and other environments characterized by their limited physical dimensions and the creative use of technology within these confines. We examine the phenomenon of individuals employing technology to transform their environments into multi-functional “places” that reflect personal significance and utility. We used a phenomenological method: data collection through semi-structured interviews and a diary study; reduction to approach this phenomenon with a sense of openness and curiosity; and finally, investigating the meaning our participants attribute to their spaces in the act of placemaking. Through this method, we identified four elements—boundaries, temporality, mastery, and future-thinking—that contribute to placemaking in small spaces. Additionally, we outline seven distinct types of places that emerge in these environments, such as leisure places and work places. Our findings suggest that even in physically restricted settings, individuals can effectively create diverse and meaningful places through the strategic use of technology and spatial arrangement. This paper contributes to broader discussions on human-building interactions and offers insights for designing technologies that enhance placemaking in various spatial contexts.