2025
Ullah, F., Chung, D., Ye, F., Karimi, R., Sanderson, J. H., & Musselman, K. (2025). Femtosecond Laser Carburization of WS2 Flakes to W2C for Enhanced Photothermal Conversion Efficiency ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, 27(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202302222 (Original work published)
Xu, A. H., Zaidan, L., Takaloo, S., Belyakov, I., Irannejad, M., Medvedeva, X., … Yavuz, M. (2025). Reduced graphene oxide/gold composite synthesis via laser irradiation for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy biosensors Materials Science: Materials in Electronics , 36(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-025-14310-3 (Original work published)
Ojaghloo, A., Parvin, P., Moradi, H., Shahi, F., Karimi, R., & Sanderson, J. H. (2025). OFS-EFPI ultra-fine manometer based on nitrogen-doped MoS2 diaphragm Optics & Laser Technology, 181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111639 (Original work published)
2024
Ojaghloo, A., Parvin, P., Moradi, H., Shahi, F., Karimi, R., & Sanderson, J. H. (2024). OFS-EFPI ultra-fine manometer based on nitrogen-doped MoS2 diaphragm Optics & Laser Technology, 181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111639 (Original work published 2024)
Tian, K., Ramadhan, A., Nooijen, M., Pantazi, S. , V, Karimi, R., & Sanderson, J. H. (2024). Approaches for constraining uncertainty and degeneracy in geometry reconstruction of molecules from simulated Coulomb explosion data Computer Physics Communications, 297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2023.109074 (Original work published)
Zaidan, L., Novodchuk, I., Xu, A. H., Nica, A., Takaloo, S., Lloyd, C., … Yavuz, M. (2024). Rapid, Selective, and Ultra-Sensitive Field Effect Transistor-Based Detection of Escherichia coli Materials, 17(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153648 (Original work published 2024)
Roman, M., Zahid, U., Arif, Z. S., Sanderson, J. H., Khan, A., & Gillani, S. (2024). Optimization of the Electrochemical Nature of Ni/Co MOF Assisted by Zn Metal Centres for Better Electrode Performance in Hybrid Devices Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 171(2). https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad2819 (Original work published)
Zaidan, L., Novodchuk, I., Nica, A., Xu, A. H., Lloyd, C., Karimi, R., … Yavuz, M. (2024). Rapid, Selective, and Ultra-Sensitive Electronic Field Effect Detection of Escherichia coli Preprints.Org. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202406.1630.v1 (Original work published)
Ullah, F., Chung, D., Ye, F., Karimi, R., Sanderson, J. H., & Musselman, K. (2024). [PDF] from wiley.com GetIt!@UWaterloo Femtosecond Laser Carburization of WS2 Flakes to W2C for Enhanced Photothermal Conversion Efficiency Advanced Engineering Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202302222
Sanderson, J. H., Ashrafi-Belgabad, A., Karimi, R., Monfared, M., Tian, K., Parvin, P., … Ibrahim, H. (2024). A new path towards reconstructing real-space geometries of polyatomic molecules undergoing strong field laser-induced Coulomb explosion Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4410250/v1 (Original work published)
Ashrafi-Belgabad, A., Karimi, R., Monfared, M., Tian, K., Parvin, P., Wales, B., … Sanderson, J. H. (2024). Reconstructing real-space geometries of polyatomic molecules undergoing strong field laser-induced Coulomb explosion Journal Physics Communications (part of the Nature Group of Journals).
Dawood, A., Bashir, S., Khan, M. A., Hayat, A., Bonyah, E., Sanderson, J. H., … Naz, Z. (2024). Optimizing Cu-alloy surface characteristics through magnetic field-enhanced fs laser treatment AIP Advances, 14. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209894 (Original work published)
Tian, K., & Sanderson, J. H. (2024). Imaging Molecular Structures with Femtosecond Laser Pulses: Experimental Apparatus Development and Computational Geometry Reconstruction (University of Waterloo). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/20229 (Original work published 2024)
Dawood, A., Khan, M. A., Bashir, S., Ayub, A., Hayat, A., Sanderson, J. H., & Chishti, N. A. (2024). Examining the role of magnetic fields in plasma behavior and surface evolution of a Mg alloy with varied irradiances in a femtosecond laser treatment Applied Optics, 63(13). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.523804 (Original work published)
2023
Liu, Z., Liu, X., Liu, R., Xiao, Z., & Sanderson, J. H. (2023). Improved rolling contact fatigue performance of selective electron beam melted Ti6Al4V with the as-built surface using induction-heating assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process Applied Surface Science, 617. (Original work published)
Ullah, F., Ibrahim, K., Mistry, K., Samad, A., Shahin, A., Sanderson, J. H., & Musselman, K. (2023). WS2 and WS2-ZnO Chemiresistive Gas Sensors: The Role of Analyte Charge Asymmetry and Molecular Size ACS Sensors, 8(4). Retrieved from https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acssensors.2c02762 (Original work published)
Azer, B. B., Gulsaran, A., Karimi, R., Ashrafi-Belgabad, A., Sanderson, J. H., Bajcsy, M., … Yavuz, M. (2023). Surface defective TiO2 nanoparticles by femtosecond laser modification with enhanced electron transfer rate for biosensing applications Presented at the Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications conference. SPIE. Retrieved from https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/Proceedings/ViewPoster?urlId=10.1117%2F12.2657788 (Original work published)
Azer, B. B., Gulsaran, A., Pennings, J., Karimi, R., Ashrafi-Belgabad, A., Xu, A. H., … Yavuz, M. (2023). Correction: Core–shell defective TiO2 nanoparticles by femtosecond laser irradiation with enhanced photocatalytic performance Materials Advances, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1039/D3MA90017G
Ye, F., Fruehwald, H. M., Tian, K., Zandieh, M., Smith, R., Sanderson, J. H., & Musselman, K. (2023). PEGylated MoSe2 Nanomaterials with Limited Oxidation via Femtosecond Laser Ablation for Photothermal Therapy ACS Applied Nano Materials, 7(1). Retrieved from https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsanm.3c04865 (Original work published)
Azer, B. B., Gulsaran, A., Pennings, J., Karimi, R., Ashrafi-Belgabad, A., Xu, A. H., … Yavuz, M. (2023). Correction: Core–shell defective TiO2 nanoparticles by femtosecond laser irradiation with enhanced photocatalytic performance Materials Advances, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.1039/D3MA90017G
Pennings, J., Azer, B. B., Uceda, M., Karimi, R., Ashrafi-Belgabad, A., Xu, A. H., … Yavuz, M. (2023). Femtosecond laser irradiation as a novel method for nanosheet growth and defect generation in g-C3N4 Nanotechnology, 34(41). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/acda3e (Original work published)
Ye, F., Ayub, A., Karimi, R., Wettig, S., Sanderson, J. H., & Musselman, K. (2023). Defect‐Rich MoSe2 2H/1T Hybrid Nanoparticles Prepared from Femtosecond Laser Ablation in Liquid and Their Enhanced Photothermal Conversion Efficiencies Advanced Materials, 35(30). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202301129 (Original work published)
2022
Ye, F., Ayub, A., Chung, D., Chernikov, R., Chen, Q., Karimi, R., … Musselman, K. (2022). Molybdenum blues with tunable light absorption synthesized by femtosecond laser irradiation of molybdenum trioxide in water/ethanol mixtures Advanced Optical Materials, 10(23). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202201304 (Original work published)
Shahin, A., Ibrahim, K., Ye, F., Karimi, R., Sanderson, J. H., & Musselman, K. (2022). Selective sensing of heavy metal ions via fluorescence quenching of femtosecond-laser-synthesized 2D nanoparticles Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2022.131576 (Original work published)
Liu, Z., Wang, Z., Gao, C., Liu, R., Liu, X., & Sanderson, J. H. (2022). Enhanced rolling contact fatigue behavior of selective electron beam melted Ti6Al4V using the ultrasonic surface rolling process MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING, 833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.142352 (Original work published)
Novodchuk, I., Kayaharman, M., Prassas, I., Soosaipillai, A., Karimi, R., Goldthorpe, I., … Yavuz, M. (2022). Electronic field effect Detection of SARS-CoV-2 N-Protein Before the Onset of Symptoms Biosensors and Bioelectronics - Available at SSRN 4005281, 210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2022.114331 (Original work published 2022)
2021
Vahidnia, A., Madanipour, K., Abedini, R., Karimi, R., Sanderson, J. H., Zare, Z., & Parvin, P. (2021). Quantitative polarimetry Mueller matrix decomposition approach for diagnosing melanoma and non-melanoma human skin cancer OSA Continuum, 4(11). https://doi.org/10.1364/OSAC.425373 (Original work published)
Ibrahim, K., Shahin, A., Jones, A., & Alshehri, A. H. (2021). Humidity-resistant perovskite solar cells via the incorporation of halogenated graphene particles Solar Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.06.016
Ye, F., Chung, D., Ayub, A., Ibrahim, K., Shahin, A., Karimi, R., … Musselman, K. (2021). Synthesis of two-dimensional plasmonic molybdenum oxide nanomaterials by femtosecond laser irradiation Chemistry of Materials, 33(12). Retrieved from https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00732 (Original work published)
Novodchuk, I., Kayaharman, M., Ausri, I., Karimi, R., Tang, X., Goldthorpe, I., … Yavuz, M. (2021). An ultrasensitive heart-failure BNP biosensor using B/N co-doped graphene oxide gel FET Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 180. (Original work published)
2020
Alsaedi, D., Irannejad, M., Ibrahim, K., AlMutairi, A., Musselman, K., Sanderson, J. H., … Yavuz, M. (2020). High operation stability and different sensing mechanisms in graphene oxide gel photodetectors utilizing a thin polymeric layer ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 2(5). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.9b00817
Novodchuk, I., Kayaharman, M., Ibrahim, K., Al-Tuairqi, S., Irannejad, M., Abdel-Rahman, E., … Yavuz, M. (2020). B/N co-doped graphene oxide gel with extremely-high mobility and ION/IOFF for large-area field effect transistors Carbon, 158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.11.034 (Original work published)
Singh, M., Ramadhan, A., Tian, K., Sanderson, J. H., Wales, B., Karimi, R., … Légaré, F. (2020). Geometrically reconstructing laser Coulomb-exploded molecules Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1412. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1412/15/152084
Tian, K., Ramadhan, A., Singh, M., & Sanderson, J. H. (2020). Approaches for constraining uncertainty and degeneracy in geometry reconstruction of molecules from Coulomb Explosion Imaging data Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1412(13). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1412/13/132013
Mistry, K., Ibrahim, K., Novodchuk, I., Ngo, H. T., Imamura, G., Sanderson, J. H., … Musselman, K. (2020). Nanomechanical gas sensing with laser treated 2D nanomaterials Advanced Materials Technologies, 5(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202000704 (Original work published)
Motlagh, N. H., Parvin, P., Mirzaie, Z., Karimi, R., Sanderson, J. H., & Atyabi, F. (2020). Synergistic performance of triggered drug release and photothermal therapy of MCF7 cells based on laser activated PEGylated GO+ DOX Biomedical Optics Express, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.389261 (Original work published)
2019
Takizawa, N., Kodama, T., Shiromaru, H., Wakabayashi, T., Al-Tuairqi, S., Wang, Q., … Sanderson, J. H. (2019). Efficient polyyne formation by ns and fs laser-induced breakdown in ethylene and acetylene gas flow Carbon, 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.06.013 (Original work published)
Novodchuk, I., Irannejad, M., Wales, B., Ibrahim, K., Sanderson, J. H., Bajcsy, M., & Yavuz, M. (2019). Controlled volume production of simultaneously B/N co-doped reduced graphene oxide nanoflakes using femtosecond laser ablation Materials Research Bulletin, 111. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025540818312868 (Original work published)
Hayat, A., Bashir, S., Strickland, D., Rafique, S., Wales, B., Al-Tuairqi, S., & Sanderson, J. H. (2019). The role of laser fluence and ambient environments on femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and on surface morphology of Mg and Zr Journal Of Applied Physics, 125(8). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5063897 (Original work published)
Ibrahim, K., Novodchuk, I., Mistry, K., Singh, M., Ling, C., Sanderson, J. H., … Musselman, K. (2019). Laser‐Directed Assembly of Nanorods of 2D Materials Small, 15(46). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201904415 (Original work published)
2018
Ibrahim, K., Irannejad, M., Wales, B., Sanderson, J. H., Yavuz, M., & Musselman, K. (2018). Simultaneous Fabrication and Functionalization of Nanoparticles of 2D Materials with Hybrid Optical Properties Advanced Optical Materials, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201701365 (Original work published)
Ibrahim, K., Irannejad, M., Wales, B., Sanderson, J. H., Musselman, K., & Yavuz, M. (2018). The effect of varying ultrafast pulse laser energies on the electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide sheets in solution Journal of Electronic Materials, 47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5866-1 (Original work published)
Tezuka, H., Takahashi, K., Matsumoto, J., Karimi, R., Sanderson, J. H., & Shiromaru, H. (2018). Correlated formation of the excited states of recoil and scattered ions in multiple electron capture collision of Ar8+ with CO2 and OCS Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 51(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/aaa059 (Original work published)
2017
Wesolowski, M., Scott, C. C., Wales, B., Ramadhan, A., Al-Tuairqi, S., Wanasundara, S. N., … Babyn, P. S. (2017). X-ray dosimetry during low-intensity femtosecond laser ablation of molybdenum in ambient conditions IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 64(9). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2017.2739156
Ibrahim, H., Beaulieu, S., Wanie, V., Endo, H., Wales, B., Tong, X.-M., … Légaré, F. (2017). Imaging and controlling proton motion in molecules AIP Conference Proceedings, 1906(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5012304
Sanderson, J. H. (2017). Progress report on the development of a Coulomb imaging experiment Presented at the Opto-Canada: SPIE Regional Meeting on Optoelectronics, Photonics, and Imaging conference. https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10313/103130C/Progress-report-on-the-development-of-a-Coulomb-imaging-experiment/10.1117/12.2283808.short. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2283808 (Original work published 2017)
Taguchi, Y., Endo, H., Kodoma, T., Shiromaru, H., Wakabayashi, T., Wales, B., & Sanderson, J. H. (2017). Polyyne formation by ns and fs laser induced breakdown in hydrocarbon gas flow Carbon, 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.01.003 (Original work published)
Ramadhan, A., Wesolowski, M., Wakabayashi, T., Shiromaru, H., Fujino, T., Kodama, T., … Sanderson, J. H. (2017). Synthesis of hydrogen-and methyl-capped long-chain polyynes by intense ultrashort laser pulse irradiation of toluene Carbon, 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.03.096 (Original work published)
2016
Ramadhan, A., Wales, B., Gauthier, I., Karimi, R., MacDonald, M., Zuin, L., & Sanderson, J. H. (2016). Molecular dynamics of dissociative ionization in OCS probed by soft X-ray synchrotron radiation Journal of Structural Chemistry, 49(21). Retrieved from https://scholar.archive.org/work/3jw4nmw7vzddfgmawwnhrwhwba/access/wayback/https://arxiv.org/vc/arxiv/papers/1606/1606.08789v1.pdf
Ibrahim, K., Irannejad, M., Hajialamdari, M., Ramadhan, A., Musselman, K., Sanderson, J. H., & Yavuz, M. (2016). A Novel Femtosecond Laser‐Assisted Method for the Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Gels and Thin Films with Tunable Properties Advanced Materials Interfaces, 3(14). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201500864 (Original work published)
Ramadhan, A., Wales, B., Karimi, R., Gauthier, I., MacDonald, M., Zuin, L., & Sanderson, J. H. (2016). Ultrafast molecular dynamics of dissociative ionization in OCS probed by soft x-ray synchrotron radiation Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 215602. (Original work published)
Ibrahim, H., Wales, B., Beaulieu, S., Schmidt, B. E., Thiré, N., Bisson, É., … Légaré, F. (2016). Isotope Effect in the three Break-up Channels of the Acetylene Cation Presented at the International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena conference. Retrieved from https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?uri=up-2016-UF2A.3 (Original work published)
Karimi, R., Liu, W.-K., & Sanderson, J. H. (2016). Femtosecond laser-induced Coulomb explosion imaging Advances in Multi-Photon Processes and Spectroscopy. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1142/9789814749763_0003
2015
Ramadhan, A., Wales, B., Gauthier, I., MacDonald, M., Zuin, L., & Sanderson, J. H. (2015). Dissociative ionization dynamics of triatomic molecules induced by soft X-rays Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 635(11). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/635/11/112137 (Original work published)
Ibrahim, H., Wales, B., Schmidt, B. E., Thiré, N., Hebeisen, C. T., Wanie, V., … Légaré, F. (2015). Tabletop imaging using 266nm femtosecond laser pulses, for characterization of structural evolution in, single molecule, chemical reactions Journal of Physics Conference Series , 635(11):112128.
Ibrahim, H., Wales, B., Beaulieu, S., Schmidt, B. E., Thiré, N., Fowe, E. P., … Légaré, F. (2015). Tabletop Imaging of Structural Evolutions in Chemical Reactions Ultrafast Phenomena XIX: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference, Okinawa Convention Center, Okinawa, Japan, July 7-11, 2014. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-13242-6_31
Zaidi, A., Alkhesho, I., Karimi, R., Sanderson, J. H., & Duley, W. (2015). Femtosecond laser ablation of solid methane International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2014.11.009 (Original work published)
Karimi, R., Zaidi, A., Cai, Y., Hajialamdari, M., Sanderson, J. H., & Duley, W. (2015). Formation of hydrocarbon species and carbon clusters through femtosecond laser ablation of cryogenic solidified methane Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 635(10), 102017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/635/10/102017 (Original work published)
Ramadhan, A., Wesolowski, M., Wakabayashi, T., Shiromaru, H., Fujino, T., Kodama, T., … Sanderson, J. H. (2015). Generation of polyyne and methylpolyyne molecules from toluene by intense femtosecond laser pulse irradiation Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 635 (2015) 112125. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/635/11/112125
Ramadhan, A., Wesolowski, M., Wakabayashi, T., Shiromaru, H., Fujino, T., Kodama, T., … Sanderson, J. H. (2015). Generation of polyyne and methylpolyyne molecules from toluene by intense femtosecond laser pulse irradiation Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 635(11). (Original work published)
Karimi, R., Zaidi, A., Cai, Y., Hajialamdari, M., Sanderson, J. H., & Duley, W. (2015). Formation of hydrocarbon species and carbon clusters through femtosecond laser ablation of cryogenic solidified methane Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 635. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/635/10/102017
2014
Ly, N., Mayer, M., Ramadhan, A., & Sanderson, J. H. (2014). Welding of au microwires by femtosecond laser irradiation Presented at the 14th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2014.6968136 (Original work published)
Ibrahim, H., Wales, B., Beaulieu, S., Schmidt, B. E., Thiré, N., Fowe, E. P., … Légaré, F. (2014). [HTML] from nature.com Full View Tabletop imaging of structural evolutions in chemical reactions demonstrated for the acetylene cation Nature Communications, 5(1). Retrieved from [HTML] from nature.com Full View Tabletop imaging of structural evolutions in chemical reactions demonstrated for the acetylene cation
Wales, B., Bisson, É., Karimi, R., Beaulieu, S., Ramadhan, A., Giguere, M., … Sanderson, J. H. (2014). Coulomb imaging of the concerted and stepwise break up processes of OCS ions in intense femtosecond laser radiation Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2014.05.003
Ibrahim, H., Wales, B., Beaulieu, S., Schmidt, B. E., Thiré, N., Fowe, E. P., … Légaré, F. (2014). Tabletop imaging of structural evolutions in chemical reactions demonstrated for the acetylene cation Nature Communications, 5(1). Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms5422 (Original work published)
Beaulieu, S., Ibrahim, H., Wales, B., Schmidt, B. E., Thiré, N., Bisson, É., … Légaré, F. (2014). Taple-top imaging of the non-adiabatically driven isomerization in the acetylene cation APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Meeting Abstracts. Retrieved from Taple-top imaging of the non-adiabatically driven isomerization in the acetylene cation (Original work published 2014)
Matsumoto, J., Tezuka, H., Fukutome, A., Karimi, R., & Wales, B. (2014). Fragmentation processes of OCS in collision with highly charged ions Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 488. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/488/10/102025 (Original work published)
Karimi, R., Wales, B., Bisson, É., Beaulieu, S., Giguere, M., Long, Z., … Sanderson, J. H. (2014). N2O ionization and dissociation dynamics in intense few cycle femtosecond laser radiation Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 488. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/488/3/032026 (Original work published)
2013
- There are no references available.
2012
- There are no references available.
2011
Bocharova, I., Karimi, R., Penka, E. F., Brichta, J.-P., Lassonde, P., Fu, X., … Légaré, F. (2011). Charge Resonance Enhanced Ionization of Probed by Laser Coulomb Explosion Imaging Physical Review Letters, 107(6). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.063201 (Original work published)
Wesolowski, M., Kuzmin, S., Moores, B., Wales, B., Karimi, R., Zaidi, A., … Duley, W. (2011). Polyyne synthesis and amorphous carbon nano-particle formation by femtosecond irradiation of benzene Carbon, 49. Retrieved from Polyyne synthesis and amorphous carbon nano-particle formation by femtosecond irradiation of benzene (Original work published)