Referencing and Research Skills

Academic scholarship involves properly acknowledging sources. It shows readers where your ideas came from, and gives them the details to find the source themselves. 

A citation is a reference to a source, and depending on the citation style, includes details such as the title, author, location and date of publication, and other information. Common citation styles include APA, MLA, and Chicago. If you are unsure which citation style you should use, or what needs to be cited, check with your instructor.

Remember:

  • Anytime you use someone else’s work (ideas, words, images, code, etc.), it needs to be cited.
  • Students are often using a number of different sources in their assignments. It is your responsibility to keep track of your sources and to cite them appropriately.
  • If you paraphrase (i.e. put something into your own words), it still needs to be cited.
  • It is an academic offense to re-use work from other assignments without permission from both instructors. If you do have permission, make sure to cite yourself to avoid self-plagiarism.

How do I cite?

Citation Guides

The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University has examples of formatting, in-text citations, footnotes/endnotes and Works Cited for different citation styles, including MLA, APA, and Chicago.

The Library has links to a number of Citation/Style Guides, including APA, Chicago, MLA Style, Legal Style, Medical Style, Oxford Style, and Turabian Style.

Reference Management Software

Reference management software can help you collect, format, organize, and insert in-text citations, footnotes, and bibliographies.

Zotero is free to use at the University of Waterloo, and is supported by the Library. For help setting-up and using RefWorks, review the Zotero Guide attend an upcoming workshop, or contact a Zotero Librarian.

Other resources

How do I paraphrase?

How do I find and use research?