Publications

Refereed articles

(open access versions of articles can be found here: https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/home)

  1. Yeung, R.C., & Fernandes, M.A. (in press; accepted September 24th 2025). Voluntary and recurrent involuntary autobiographical memories: Similar phenomenology, different relationships with psychopathology. Journal of Applied Research in Cognition.
  2. Sivashankara, Y., He, P., Tsapoitis, P., Skorski, E., & Fernandes, M.A. (in press; accepted June 24th 2025). The necessity of motoric engagement in enhancing route memory. British Journal of Psychology. 
  3. Tanberg, P., Yeung, R.C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2025). Evidence of temporal and emotional alignment between song cues and their evoked autobiographical memories. Memory & Cognition, 1-12.
  4. Sivashankar, Y., Roberts, B.R., Fernandes, M.A. (2025), Integration of representations is key to the enactment benefit: Insights from individuals with stroke lesion. Neuropsychologia, 211, 10911.
  5. Roberts, B.R.T., Tran, S., & Fernandes, M.A. (2025). Symbolism itself does not boost memory: Evidence from the periodic table of elements. Scientific Reports, (1), 4278-4287.
  6. Yeung, R.C. Sokolowski, M., Fan, C.L., Fernandes, M.A., & Levine, B. (2025). The curse of imagery: Trait object and spatial imagery differentially relate to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychological Science.
  7. Levi, A., Pugsley, A., Fernandes, M.A., Turner, G.R., & Gilboa, A. (2025). Drawing improves memory in patients with hippocampal damage. Memory & Cognition, 53, (1), 379-394.
  8. Tran, S. & Fernandes, M.A. (2025). Effectiveness of production and drawing as encoding techniques on recall using mixed- and pure-list designs. Memory, 33, 1–18.
  9. Roberts, B.R.T., Meade, M., & Fernandes, M.A. (2025). Roberts, B.R.T., Meade, M.E. & Fernandes, M.A. Brain regions supporting retrieval of words drawn at encoding: fMRI evidence for multimodal reactivation. Memory & Cognition, 53, 282–298.
  10. Kim, B., Tran, S., & Fernandes, M.A. (2024). Comparing the effectiveness of encoding techniques on memory for vocabulary in a second language. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale.* Best talk award at the Psychology Discovery Conference, Waterloo
  11. Tanberg, P., Fernandes, M.A., MacLeod, C.M., & Hockley, W.E. (2024).  How varying cue duration influences item-method directed forgetting: A novel selective retrieval interpretation. Memory & Cognition, 1-15.
  12. Tran, S., & Fernandes, M.A. (2024). Which encoding techniques facilitate comprehension? Experimental Psychology, 71, 2, 1-11.
  13. Titone, D., Dyson, B., Fernandes, M.A., & Joanisse, M. (2024). Encouraging registered reports at the Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology (CJEP): An invited tutorial by Oshiro et al (2024) [Editorial]. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 78(4), 203–204.
  14. Cox, A., & Fernandes, M.A. (2024).Long-term cognitive and affective consequences of mild traumatic brain injury: Comparison with older adults. Brain Injury, 38(13), 1133-1146.
  15. Sivashankar, Y., He, P., Sauzéon, H., & Fernandes, M.A. (2024). Motoric engagement, but not decision-making, during encoding influences route memory. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 24(4), 271-296.
  16. Fernandes, M.A. (2024). A case for using methods from natural science in advancing the field of cognitive neuroscience. Theory & Psychology, 34(3), 392-404.
  17. Yeung, R.C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2024). Recurrent involuntary memories and mind wandering are related but distinct. Psychological Research, 88, 1483–1498.
  18. Yeung, R.C., Danckert, J., van Tilburg, W.A.P., & Fernandes, M.A. (2024). Disentangling boredom from depression using the phenomenology and content of involuntary autobiographical memories. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 2106.
  19. Sivashankar, Y., Fernandes, M.A., Oudeyer, P.-Y., & Sauzéon, H. (2024). The beneficial role of curiosity on route memory in children. Frontiers in Cognition, 3, 1346280.
  20. Tran, S., & Fernandes, M.A. (2024). Age differences in effectiveness of encoding techniques on memory. Aging, Neuropsychology, & Cognition, 31(3), 479-495.
  21. Yeung, R.C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2023). Specific topics, specific symptoms: Linking the content of recurrent involuntary memories to mental health using computational text analysis. Nature Portfolio Journals (npj) Mental Health Res, 2, 22.
  22. Tran, S., & Fernandes, M.A. (2023). Drawing enhances memory for emotional words. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 77(4), 296-307.
  23. Roberts, B.R.T., MacLeod, C.M., & Fernandes, M.A. (2023). Symbol superiority: Why $ is better remembered than ‘dollar’. Cognition, 238, 105435.
  24. Morrison-Koechl, J.M, Fearon, D.O., Fernandes, M.A., & Tyas, S.L. (2023). The association between emotional expressivity in autobiographies from early adulthood and the risk of dementia in the context of written language skills. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 7(1), 317-326.
  25. Roberts, B.R.T., Fernandes, M.A., & MacLeod, C.M. (2023). Memory for symbolic images: Findings from sport team logos. Journal of Applied Research in Memory & Cognition, 12(4), 589-596.
  26. Tran, S. H., Beech, I., & Fernandes, M. A. (2023). Drawing compared to writing in a diary enhances recall of autobiographical memories. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 30(3), 455-471.
  27. Sivashankar, Y., Liu, J., & Fernandes, M. A. (2023). The importance of performing versus observing meaningful actions on the enactment benefit to memory. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 35(1), 47-58.
  28. Roberts, B.R.T., MacLeod, C.M., & Fernandes, M.A. (2022). The enactment effect: A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral, neuroimaging, and patient studies. Psychological Bulletin, 148(5-6), 397-434.
  29. Yeung, R. C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2022). Machine learning to detect invalid text responses: Validation and comparison to existing detection methods. Behavior Research Methods, 54, 3055-3070.
  30. Yeung, R. C., Stastna, M., & Fernandes, M.A. (2022). Understanding autobiographical memory content using computational text analysis. Memory, 30(1), 1267- 1287.
  31. Tanberg, P., Fernandes, M.A., & MacLeod, C.M. (2022). Aging and directed forgetting: Evidence for an associative deficit but no evidence for an inhibition deficit. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76(3), 210-217.
  32. Homann, L.A., Roberts, B.R.T., Ahmed, S., & Fernandes, M.A. (2022). Are emojis processed visuo-spatially or verbally? Evidence for dual codes. Visual Cognition, 30(4), 267-279.
  33. Sivashankar, Y., & Fernandes, M.A. (2022). Enhancing memory using enactment: Does meaning matter in action production? Memory, 30(2), 147-160.
  34. Yeung, R. C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2021). Recurrent involuntary memories are modulated by age and linked to mental health. Psychology and Aging, 36(7), 883.
  35. Yeung, R. C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2021). Divided attention at encoding or retrieval interferes with emotionally enhanced memory for words. Memory, 29(3), 284-297.
  36. Yeung, R. C., Lee, C. M., & Fernandes, M.A. (2021). The influence of social anxiety-provoking contexts on context reinstatement effects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(7),1170-1184.
  37. Larche, C. J., Chini, K., Lee, C., Dixon, M. J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2021). Rare loot box rewards trigger larger arousal and reward responses, and greater urge to open more loot boxes. Journal of Gambling Studies, 37, 141-163.
  38. McCrackin, S. D., Lee, C. M., Itier, R. J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2020). Meaningful faces: Self-relevance of semantic context in an initial social encounter improves later face recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 28, 283-291.
  39. Yeung, R.C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2020). Recurrent involuntary autobiographical memories:  Characteristics and links to mental health status. Memory, 28(6), 753-765.
  40. Roberts, B.R.T., Fernandes, M.A., & MacLeod, C.M (2020). Re-evaluating the influence of bilateral eye movements on memory. PLOS One, 15(1), e0227790.
  41. Meade, M,E., Klein, M. & Fernandes, M.A. (2020). The benefit (and cost) of drawing as an encoding strategy. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 73(2), 199-210.
  42. Roberts, B., Wammes, J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2020) Drawing with your eyes: Extending mnemonic research. Mind Pad, 9(1), 3-7.
  43. Meade, M. E., Ahmad, M., & Fernandes, M.A. (2020). Drawing pictures at encoding enhances memory in healthy older adults and in individuals with probable dementia. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 27(6), 880-901.
  44. Robertson, A.D., Heckman, G.A.W., Fernandes, M.A., Roy, E.A., Tyas, S.L., & Hughson, R.L. (2020). Carotid pulse pressure and intima media thickness are directly and independently associated with cerebral hemodynamic pulsatility in asymptomatic older adults. Journal of Human Hypertension, 34(11):768-777. doi:10.1038/s41371-019-0295-7.
  45. Wammes, J.D., Jonker, T. R., Fernandes, M.A. (2019). Drawing improves memory: The importance of multimodal encoding context. Cognition, 191, 103955.
  46. Hack, E.E., Dubin, J.A., Fernandes, M.A., Costa, S.M., & Tyas, S.L. (2019). Multilingualism and dementia risk: Longitudinal analysis of the nun study. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 71, 201-212.
  47. Yeung, R.C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2019). Altered working memory capacity for social threat words in high versus low social anxiety. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 32(5), 505-521.
  48. Meade, M,E., Meade, J.G., Sauzeon, H., & Fernandes, M.A. (2019). Active navigation in virtual environments benefits spatial memory in older adults. Brain Sciences, 9(3), 47. *Selected as Editor’s Choice feature.
  49. Yeung, R.C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2019) Social anxiety enhances recognition of task-irrelevant threat words. Acta Psychologica,194, 69-76.
  50. Meade, M. E., Wammes, J. D., & Fernandes, M.A. (2019). Comparing the influence of doodling, drawing, and writing at encoding on memory. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 73(1), 28-36.
  51. Wammes, J.D., Roberts, B.R., & Fernandes, M.A. (2018) Task preparation as a mnemonic: The benefits of drawing (and not drawing). Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 25, 2365–2372.
  52. Meade, M. E., Wammes, J. D., & Fernandes, M.A. (2018). Drawing as an encoding tool: Memorial benefits in younger and older adults. Experimental Aging Research, 44(5), 369-396. *Selected for Editor’s Choice Collection.
  1. Fernandes, M.A., Wammes, J. D., & Meade, M. E. (2018). The surprisingly powerful influence of drawing on memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27(5), 302-308.
  2. Wammes, J. D., Meade, M. E., & Fernandes, M.A. (2018). Creating a recollection-based memory through drawing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44(5), 734-751.
  3. Lee, C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2017). Emotional encoding context leads to memory bias in individuals with high anxiety. Brain Sciences. 8(1), 6.
  4. Meade. M.E., & Fernandes, M.A. (2017) Semantic and visual relatedness of distractors impairs episodic retrieval of pictures in a divided attention paradigm, Visual Cognition, 25(7-8), 825-840.
  5. Wammes, J. D., Meade, M. E., & Fernandes, M.A. (2017). Learning terms and definitions: Drawing and the role of elaborative encoding. Acta Psychologica, 179, 104-113.
  6. Wammes, J.D., & Fernandes, M.A. (2017). The residual protective effects of enactment. Cognition, 184, 87-101.
  7. Wammes, J.D., Good, T.J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2017). Autobiographical and episodic memory deficits in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain & Cognition, 111, 112-126
  8. Fernandes, M.A., Wammes, J. D., Priselac, S. & Moscovitch, M. (2016). Interfering with free recall of words: Detrimental effects of phonological competition. Neuropsychologia, 90, 59-71.
  9. Wammes, J.D., Meade. M.E., & Fernandes, M.A. (2016). The drawing effect: Evidence for reliable and robust memory benefits. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69, 1752-1776.
  10. Meade. M.E., & Fernandes, M.A. (2016). The role of semantically related distractors during encoding and retrieval of words in long-term memory. Memory, 24, 801-811.
  11. Wammes, J.D., & Fernandes, M.A. (2016). Interfering with memory for faces: The cost of doing two things at once. Memory, 24(2), 184-203.
  12. Ozen, L.J., Fernandes, M.A., Clark, A. J., & Roy, E. A. (2015). Evidence of cognitive decline in older adults after remote traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 22(5), 517-533.
  13. Ahmad, F., Fernandes, M.A., Hockley, W. (2015). Improving associative memory in older adults with unitization. Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition, 22(4), 452-472.
  14. Delleman, B. & Fernandes, M.A. (2015) Individual differences in anxiety influence verbal long-term memory accuracy and confidence. Journal of Individual Differences, 36(2), 73-79.
  15. Fernandes, M.A. (2014). Specifying the link between brain integrity, cognitive, and affective functioning in aging individuals. The Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 69(6), 823-825.
  16. Skinner, E.I., Manios, M., Fugelsang, J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2014). Reinstatement of encoding context during recollection: Behavioural and neuroimaging evidence of a double dissociation. Behavioural Brain Research, 264, 51–63.
  17. Tomaszczyk, J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2014). Age-related differences in attentional bias for emotional faces. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 21 (5), 544–559.
  18. Fernandes, M.A. (2013). Strategies and factors that help or hinder memory. The Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 68(6), 859-861.
  19. Fernandes, M.A., Wammes, J., & Hsiao, J. (2013). Representation of linguistic information determines its susceptibility to memory interference. Brain Sciences, 3, 1244-1260.
  20. Ozen, L.J., Itier, R.J., Preston, F.F., Fernandes, M.A. (2013). Long-term working memory deficits after concussion: Electrophysiological evidence. Brain Injury, 27(11), 1244-1255.
  21. Fernandes, M.A., Miller, E., & Michela, J. (2013). Alpha meals: Using cognitive psychology to boost restaurant server performance. Sage Open, April-June, 1-6.
  22. Tomaszczyk, J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2013). A positivity effect in older adults’ memorability judgments of pictures. Experimental Aging Research, 39, 254-274.
  23. Tomaszczyck, J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2012). A positivity effect in autobiographical memory, but not phonemic fluency, in older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, & Cognition, 19, 699-722.
  24. Fernandes, M.A., & Manios, M. (2012). How does encoding context affect memory in younger and older adults? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65, 1699-1720.
  25. Ozen, L.J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2012). Slowing down after a mild traumatic brain injury: A strategy to improve cognitive task performance? Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 85-100.
  26. Schryer, E., Ross, M, St-Jaques, P., Levine, B., & Fernandes, M.A. (2012). Emotional expressivity in older and younger adults’ descriptions of personal memories. Experimental Aging Research, 38, 345-369.
  27. Fernandes, M.A., Koji, S., Dixon, M.J., Aquino, J.M. (2011). Changing the focus of attention: The interacting effect of valence and arousal. Visual Cognition, 19(9), 1191-1211.
  28. Danckert, S., MacLeod, C.M., & Fernandes, M.A. (2011). Source-constrained retrieval influences the encoding of new information. Memory & Cognition, 39, 137.
  29. Ozen, L.J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2011). Effects of "diagnosis threat" on cognitive and affective functioning long after mild head injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17, 1-11.
  30. Skinner, E., Grady, C., & Fernandes, M.A. (2010) Reactivation of context-specific brain regions during retrieval. Neuropsychologia, 48, 156-164.
  31. Koji, S., & Fernandes, M.A. (2010) Does it matter where we meet? The role of emotional context in evaluative first impressions. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(2), 107-116.
  32. Ozen, L.J., Skinner, E.I., & Fernandes, M.A. (2010). Rejecting familiar distractors during recognition in young adults with traumatic brain injury and in healthy older adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16, 556-565.
  33. Skinner, E. & Fernandes, M.A. (2010) Effect of study context on item recollection. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(7), 1318-1334.
  34. Skinner, E., Fernandes, M.A., & Grady, C. (2009). Memory networks supporting retrieval effort and retrieval success under conditions of full and divided attention. Experimental Psychology, 56, 386-396.
  35. Fernandes, M.A., & Guild, E. (2009). Process-specific interference effects during recognition of spatial patterns and words. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 24-32.
  36. Skinner, E., & Fernandes, M.A. (2009). Age-related changes in the use of study context to increase recollection. Aging, Neuropsychology & Cognition, 16, 377-400.
  37. Skinner, E., & Fernandes, M.A. (2009b). Illusory recollection in older adults and young under divided attention. Psychology & Aging, 24, 211-216.
  38. Fernandes, M.A., Ross, M., Wiegand, M., & Schryer, E. (2008). Are the memories of older adults positively biased? Psychology & Aging, 23, 297-306.
  39. Fernandes, M.A., & Grady, C. (2008). Age differences in susceptibility to memory interference during recall of categorizable but not unrelated word lists. Experimental Aging Research, 34, 297-322.
  40. Tomaszczyk, J.C., Fernandes, M.A., & MacLeod, C.M. (2008). Personal relevance modulates the positivity bias in recall of emotional pictures in older adults. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 191-196.
  41. Skinner, E. & Fernandes, M.A. (2008). Interfering with remembering and knowing: Effects of divided attention at retrieval. Acta Psychologica, 127, 211-221.
  42. Reinke, K., Fernandes, M.A., Schwindt, G., O’Craven, K., & Grady, C. (2008). Functional specificity of the visual word form area: General activation for words and symbols but specific network activation for words.  Brain & Language, 104, 180-189.
  43. Fernandes, M.A., Craik. F.I.M., Bialystok, E., & Kreuger, S. (2007).  Effect of bilingualism, aging, and semantic relatedness on memory under divided attention Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 61, 128-141.
  44. Skinner, E, & Fernandes, M.A. (2007). Neural correlates of recollection and familiarity: A review of neuroimaging and patient data. Neuropsychologia, 45, 2163-2179.
  45. Fernandes, M.A., Pacurar, A, Moscovitch, M., & Grady, C. (2006). Neural correlates of auditory recognition under full and divided attention in young and old adults, Neuropsychologia, 44, 2452-2464.
  46. Andres, A., & Fernandes, M.A. (2006). Effect of short and long exposure duration and dual-tasking on a global-local task, Acta Psychologica, 122, 247-266.
  47. Fernandes, M.A., McAndrews, M.P., Smith, M.L., Logan, W., Crawley, A., & Mikulus, D. (2006). Comparing language lateralization determined by dichotic listening and fMRI activation in frontal and temporal lobes in children.  Brain & Language, 96, 106-114.
  48. Fernandes, M.A., Moscovitch, M., Ziegler, M., & Grady, C. (2005). Brain regions associated with successful and unsuccessful retrieval of verbal episodic memory under divided attention.  Neuropsychologia, 43, 1115-1127.
  49. Fernandes, M.A., Davidson, P., Glisky, E., & Moscovitch, M. (2004). Level of frontal and temporal lobe function and susceptibility to divided attention effects at retrieval in older adults. Neuropsychology, 18, 514-525.
  50. Fernandes, M.A., & Moscovitch, M. (2003). Interference effects from divided attention during retrieval in younger and older adults. Psychology & Aging, 18, 219-230.
  51. Fernandes, M.A., & Moscovitch, M. (2002) Factors modulating the effect of divided attention during retrieval of words.  Memory & Cognition, 30, 731-744.
  52. Fernandes, M.A., & Moscovitch, M. (2000). Divided attention and memory: Evidence of substantial interference effects both at retrieval and encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 155-176.
  53. Fernandes, M.A., & Smith, M.L. (2000). Comparing the fused dichotic words test and the intracarotid amobarbital procedure in children with epilepsy. Neuropsychologia, 38, 1216-1228.

Books

1.       Fernandes, M.A. (Ed) (2020). Cognitive Aging. MDPI: Basel, Switzerland

2.       Stolz, J., Fugelsang, J., & Fernandes, M.A. (2018). Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory. 2nd Canadian Edition. Kendall-Hunt Publishing Company: Dubuque, IA *Fernandes contribution = 4 of 12 chapters

3.       Aizenstein, H., Fernandes, M.A., & Reynolds, III, C.F. (Eds.) (2010). Neuroimaging Research in Geriatric Mental Health. Springer Publishing Company: New York, NY

4.       Galotti, K., Fernandes, M.A., Fugelsang, J., & Stolz, J. (2009). Cognitive Psychology In and Out of the Laboratory. 1st Canadian Edition. Thomson Nelson Publishing: Toronto, ON; * Fernandes contribution = 4 of 12 chapters

Chapters in Books

1.      Fernandes, M. A., & Wammes, J. D. (2016). Memory and Memory Theory. In S. Krauss Whitbourne & L. Yang (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Adulthood and Aging. John Wiley Inc. Publishing: Hoboken, NY. pp. 878-882

3.      Fernandes, M.A., and Moscovitch, M. (2013). Divided Attention and Memory. In H. Pashler (Ed.) Encyclopedia of the Mind. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, California. Volume 1, pp. 260-264

4.      Fernandes, M.A. (2010). Functional Neuroanatomy of Aging and Cognition. In H. Aizenstein, M.A. Fernandes,  & C.F. Reynolds, III (Eds.), Neuroimaging Research in Geriatric Mental Health. Springer Publishing Company: New York, NY. pp. 125-148

5.      Moscovitch, M., Fernandes, M.A., & Troyer, A. (2002). Working-with-memory and Cognitive Resources: A Component Process Account of Divided Attention and Memory. In M. Naveh-Benjamin, M. Moscovitch & H. L. Roediger III (Eds.), Perspectives of Human Memory and Cognitive Aging: Essays in honor of Fergus Craik. Philadelphia: Psychology Press. pp. 171-207