Journal articles
2020-2029
Tanberg, P., Fernandes, M. A., MacLeod, C. M., & Hockley, W. E. (in press). The influence of cue duration on item-method directed forgetting: A novel selective retrieval interpretation. Memory & Cognition.
MacLeod, B. A., Bianchi, L. M., & MacLeod, C. M. (in press). Online studying and restudying text versus video. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology.
Kelly, M. O., Lu, X., Ensor, T. M., MacLeod, C. M., & Risko, E. F. (2024). Productions need not match study items to confer a production advantage, but it helps (PDF). Experimental Psychology, 7(1), 2-13.
Besner, D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2024). On the association between intention and visual word recognition (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 78(2), 114-128.
Roberts, B. R. T., Hu, Z. S., Curtis, E., Bodner, G. E., McLean, D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2024). Reading text aloud benefits memory but not comprehension (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 52(1), 57-72.
Roberts, B. R. T., Forrin, N. D., McLean, D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2024). Release from response interference in color-word contingency learning (PDF). Acta Psychologica, 244, 104187.
Kelly, M. O., Ensor, T. M., MacLeod, C. M., & Risko, E. F. (2024). The prod eff: Partially producing items moderates the production effect (PDF). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 31(1), 373-379.
Roberts, B. R. T., MacLeod, C. M., & Fernandes, M. A. (2023). Memory for symbolic images: Findings from sports team logos (PDF). Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 12(4), 598-596.
Kalsi, S. S., Forrin, N. D., Sana, F., MacLeod, C. M., & Kim, J. A. (2023). Attention contagion online: Attention spreads between students in a virtual classroom (PDF). Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 12(1), 59-69.
MacLeod, C. M. (2023). Edwina Eunice Abbott (Cowan): Pioneer psychologist. American Journal of Psychology, 136(3), 315-326.
Roberts, B. R. T., MacLeod, C. M., & Fernandes, M. A. (2023). Symbol superiority: Why $ is better remembered than ‘dollar’ (PDF). Cognition, 238, 105435.
Roberts, B. R. T., MacLeod, C. M., & Fernandes, M. A. (2022). The enactment effect: An integrative review of behavioral, neuroimaging, and patient studies (PDF). Psychological Bulletin, 148(5-6), 397-434.
Tanberg, P., Fernandes, M. A., & MacLeod, C. M. (2022). Aging and directed forgetting: Evidence for an associative deficit but no evidence for an inhibition deficit (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76, 210-217.
Zhou, Y., & MacLeod, C. M. (2022). Production as a distinctive contextual cue for remembering intentionally forgotten information (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76, 226-233.
MacLeod, C. M., Ozubko, J. D., Hourihan, K. L., & Major, J. C. (2022). The production effect is consistent over material variations: Support for the distinctiveness account (PDF). Memory, 30, 1000-1007.
Kelly, M. O., Ensor, T. M., Lu, X., MacLeod, C. M., & Risko, E. F. (2022). Reducing retrieval time modulates the production effect: Empirical evidence and computational accounts (PDF). Journal of Memory and Language, 123, 104299.
MacLeod, C. M. (2021). Canadian Journal of (Experimental) Psychology: The first 70 years (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75, 393-402.
Forrin, N. D., Huynh, A. C., Smith, A. C., Cyr, E. N., McLean, D. B., Siklos-Whillans, J., Risko, E. F., Smilek, D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2021). Attention spreads between students in a learning environment (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 27(2), 276-291.
Ozubko, J. D., Sirianni, L. A., Ahmad, F. N., MacLeod, C. M., & Addante, R. J. (2021). Recallable but not recognizable: The influence of semantic priming in recall paradigms (PDF). Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 21, 119-143.
MacLeod, C. M. (2021). Memory & Cognition: The first 40 years (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 49, 207-217.
Zhou, Y., & MacLeod, C. M. (2021). Production between and within: Distinctiveness and the relative magnitude of the production effect (PDF). Memory, 29, 168-179.
MacLeod, C. M. (2020). The butcher on the bus: A note on familiarity without recollection (PDF). History of Psychology, 23, 383-387.
MacLeod, C. M. (2020). Zeigarnik and von Restorff: The memory effects and the stories behind them (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 48, 1073-1088.
Pritchard, V. E., Heron-Delaney, M., Malone, S. A., & MacLeod, C. M. (2020). The production effect improves memory in 7 to 10-year-old children (PDF). Developmental Psychology, 91, 901-913.
MacLeod, C. M. (2020). I forgot to remember to forget (PDF). Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 9, 29-32.
Roberts, B. R. T., Fernandes, M. A., & MacLeod, C. M. (2020). Re-evaluating whether bilateral eye movements influence memory retrieval (PDF). PLoS ONE, 15, e0227790.
2010-2019
Smith, A. C., Ralph, B. C. W., MacLeod, C. M., & Smilek, D. (2019). Test feedback and learning: Student preferences and perceived influence (PDF). Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 5, 255-264.
Forrin, N. D., Ralph, B. C. W., Dhaliwal, N. K., Smilek, D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2019). Wait for it … performance anticipation imposes a cost on memory (PDF). Journal of Memory and Language, 109, 104050.
MacLeod, C. M. (2019). Learning simple associations (PDF). Canadian Psychology, 60, 3-13.
Jonker, T. R., Wammes, J. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2019). Drawing enhances item information but undermines sequence information in memory (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 45, 689-699.
Jonker, T. R., & MacLeod, C. M. (2018). Two sources of information in reconstructing event sequence (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44, 1013-1022.
Forrin, N. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2018). Cross-modality translations improve recognition by reducing false alarms (PDF). Memory, 26, 53-58.
Forrin, N. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2018). This time it’s personal: The memory benefit of hearing oneself (PDF). Memory, 26, 574-579.
Forrin, N. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2018). Contingency proportion systematically influences contingency learning (PDF). Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 80, 155-165.
Lin, O. Y.-H., & MacLeod, C. M. (2018). The acquisition of simple associations as observed in color-word contingency learning (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44, 99-106.
Forrin, N. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2017). Relative speed of processing determines color-word contingency learning (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 45, 1206-1222.
MacLeod, C. M., & Bodner, G. E. (2017). The production effect in memory (PDF). Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26, 390-395.
MacLeod, C. M., & Risko, E. F. (2017). Radical cognitivism? Distinguishing behavior from thought (PDF). Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 6, 22-26.
Francis, W. S., MacLeod, C. M., & Taylor, R. S. (2017). Joint influence of visual and auditory words in the Stroop task (PDF). Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 79, 200-211.
Jonker, T. R., & MacLeod, C. M. (2017). Not all order memory is equal: Test demands reveal dissociations in memory for sequence information (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 43, 177-188.
Forrin, N. D., Groot, B., & MacLeod, C. M. (2016). The d-Prime directive: Assessing costs and benefits in recognition by dissociating mixed-list false alarm rates (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42, 1090-1111.
Bodner, G. E., & MacLeod, C. M. (2016). The benefits of studying by production . . . and of studying production: Introduction to the special issue on the production effect in memory (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 89-92.
Forrin, N. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2016). Auditory presentation at test does not diminish the production effect in recognition (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 116-124.
Forrin, N. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2016). Order information is used to guide recall of long lists: Further evidence for the item-order account (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 125-138.
Jonker, T. R., & MacLeod, C. M. (2015). Disruption of relational processing underlies poor memory for order (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41, 831-840.
Jonker, T. R., Seli, P., & MacLeod, C. M. (2015). Retrieval-induced forgetting and context (PDF). Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24, 273-278.
Putnam, A. L., Ozubko, J. D., MacLeod, C. M., & Roediger, H. L., III (2014). The production effect in paired-associate learning: Benefits for item and associative information (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 42, 409-420.
Ozubko, J. D., Major, J., & MacLeod, C. M. (2014). Remembered study mode: Support for the distinctiveness account of the production effect (PDF). Memory, 22, 509-524.
Forrin, N. D., Jonker, T. R., & MacLeod, C. M. (2014). Production improves memory equivalently following elaborative vs. non-elaborative processing (PDF). Memory, 22, 470-480.
Jonker, T. R., Levene, M., & MacLeod, C. M. (2013). Testing the item-order account of design effects using the production effect (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 441-448.
Jonker, T. R., Seli, P., & MacLeod, C. M. (2013). Putting retrieval-induced forgetting in context: An inhibition-free, context-based account (PDF). Psychological Review, 120, 852-872.
MacLeod, C. M. (2013). The six R's of remembering (PDF). Canadian Psychology, 54, 38-49.
Ozubko, J. D., Hourihan, K. L., & MacLeod, C. M. (2012). Production benefits learning: The production effect endures and improves memory for text (PDF). Memory, 20, 717-727.
Jonker, T. R., Seli, P. & MacLeod, C. M. (2012). Less we forget: Retrieval cues and release from retrieval-induced forgetting (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 40, 1236-1245.
Forrin, N. D., MacLeod, C. M., & Ozubko, J. D. (2012). Widening the boundaries of the production effect (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 40, 1046-1055.
Lin, O. Y. -H., & MacLeod, C. M. (2012). Aging and the production effect: A test of the distinctiveness account (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66, 212-216.
Jonker, T. R., & MacLeod, C. M. (2012). Retrieval-induced forgetting: Testing the competition assumption of inhibition theory (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66, 204-211.
MacLeod, C. M., Pottruff, M. M., Forrin, N. D., & Masson, M. E. J. (2012). The next generation: The value of reminding (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 40, 693-702.
Ozubko, J. D., Gopie, N., & MacLeod, C. M. (2012). Production benefits both recollection and familiarity (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 40, 326-338.
Aramakis, V. B., Khamba, B. K., MacLeod, C. M., Poulos, C. X., & Zack, M. (2012). Alcohol selectively impairs negative self-relevant associations in young drinkers (PDF). Journal of Psychopharmacology, 26, 221-231.
Danckert, S. L., MacLeod, C. M., & Fernandes, M. A. (2011). Source-constrained retrieval influences the encoding of new information (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 39, 1374-1386.
MacLeod, C. M. (2011). I said, you said: The production effect gets personal (PDF). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18, 1197-1202.
MacLeod, C. M. (2011). Hypnosis and the control of attention: Where to from here? (PDF). Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 321-324.
Wilson, D. E., Muroi, M., & MacLeod, C. M. (2011). Dilution, not load, affects distractor processing (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37, 319-335.
Roefs, A., Huijding, J., Smulders, F. T. Y., MacLeod, C. M., de Jong, P. J., Wiers, R. W., & Jansen, A. T. M. (2011). Implicit measures of association in psychopathology research (PDF). Psychological Bulletin, 137, 149-193.
MacLeod, C. M. (2010). When learning met memory (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 227-240.
Ozubko, J. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2010). The production effect in memory: Evidence that distinctiveness underlies the benefit (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 1543-1547.
MacLeod, C. M., Gopie, N., Hourihan, K. L., Neary, K. R., & Ozubko, J. D. (2010). The production effect: Delineation of a phenomenon (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 671-685.
2000-2009
Gopie, N., & MacLeod, C. M. (2009). Destination memory: Stop me if I've told you this before (PDF). Psychological Science, 20, 1492-1499.
Hourihan, K. L., Ozubko, J. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2009). Directed forgetting of visual symbols: Evidence for nonverbal selective rehearsal (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 37, 1059-1068.
Hourihan, K. L., & MacLeod, C. M. (2008). Directed forgetting meets the production effect: Distinctive processing is resistant to intentional forgetting (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 242-246.
Wilson, D. E., MacLeod, C. M., & Muroi, M. (2008). Practice in visual search produces decreased capacity demands but increased distraction (PDF). Perception & Psychophysics, 70, 1130-1137.
Tomaszczyk, J. C., Fernandes, M. A., & MacLeod, C. M. (2008). Personal relevance modulates the positivity bias in recall of emotional pictures in older adults (PDF). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 191-196.
Hourihan, K. L., & MacLeod, C. M. (2007). Capturing conceptual implicit memory: The time it takes to produce an association (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 35, 1187-1196.
Zack, M., Poulos, C. X., Aramakis, V. B., Khamba, B. K., & MacLeod, C. M. (2007). Effects of drink-stress sequence and gender on alcohol stress response dampening in high and low anxiety sensitivity drinkers (PDF). Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 411-422.
Hauer, B. J. A., & MacLeod, C. M. (2006). Endogenous versus exogenous cuing effects on memory (PDF). Acta Psychologica, 122, 305-320.
Dodd, M. D., Sheard, E. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2006). Re-exposure to studied items at test does not influence false recognition (PDF). Memory, 14,115-126.
Zack, M., Poulos, C. X., Fragopoulos, F., Woodford, T. M., & MacLeod, C. M. (2006). Negative affect words prime beer consumption in young drinkers (PDF). Addictive Behaviors, 31, 169-173.
Roefs, A., Herman, C. P., MacLeod, C. M., Smulders, F., & Jansen, A. (2005). At first sight: How do restrained eaters evaluate high-fat palatable foods? (PDF). Appetite, 44, 103-114.
Dodd, M. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2004). False recognition without intentional learning (PDF). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 137-142.
Muroi, M., & MacLeod, C. M. (2004). Integration versus separation in Stroop-like counting interference tasks (PDF). Japanese Psychological Research, 46, 56-64.
MacLeod, C. M., & Sheehan, P. W. (2003). Hypnotic control of attention in the Stroop task: A historical footnote (PDF). Consciousness & Cognition, 12, 347-353.
Zack, M., Poulos, C. X., Fragopoulos, F., & MacLeod, C. M. (2003). Effects of negative and positive mood phrases on priming of alcohol words in young drinkers with high and low anxiety sensitivity (PDF). Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 176-185.
MacLeod, C. M., Chiappe, D. L., & Fox, E. (2002). The crucial roles of stimulus matching and stimulus identity in negative priming (PDF). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 521-528.
MacLeod, C. M., & Bors, D. A. (2002). Presenting two color words on a single Stroop trial: Evidence for joint influence, not capture (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 30, 789-797.
Masson, M. E. J., & MacLeod, C. M. (2002). Covert operations: Orthographic recoding as a basis for repetition priming in word identification (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 858-871.
Zack, M., Toneatto, T., & MacLeod, C. M. (2002). Anxiety and explicit alcohol-related memory in problem drinkers (PDF). Addictive Behaviors, 27, 331-343.
MacLeod, C. M., & Masson, M. E. J. (2000). Repetition priming in speeded word reading: Contributions of perceptual and conceptual processing episodes (PDF). Journal of Memory and Language, 42, 208-228.
MacLeod, C. M., & Daniels, K. A. (2000). Direct vs. indirect tests of memory: Directed forgetting meets the generation effect (PDF). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7, 354-359.
MacLeod, C. M., & MacDonald, P. A. (2000). Inter-dimensional interference in the Stroop effect: Uncovering the cognitive and neural anatomy of attention (PDF). Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 383-391.
Masson, M. E. J., & MacLeod, C. M. (2000). Taking the "text" out of context effects in repetition priming of word identification (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 28, 1090-1097.
1990-1999
Zack, M., Toneatto, T., & MacLeod, C. M. (1999). Clinical use of benzodiazepines and decreased memory activation in anxious problem drinkers (PDF). Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 23, 174-182.
MacLeod, C. M. (1999). The item and list methods of directed forgetting: Test differences and the role of demand characteristics (PDF). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6, 123-129.
Zack, M., Toneatto, T., & MacLeod, C. M. (1999). Implicit activation of alcohol concepts by negative affective cues distinguishes between problem drinkers with high and low psychiatric distress (PDF). Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 518-531.
MacDonald, P. A., Antony, M. M., MacLeod, C. M., & Swinson, R. P. (1999). Negative priming for obsessive-compulsive checkers and non-checkers (PDF). Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 679-686.
MacLeod, C. M. (1998). Training on integrated versus separated Stroop tasks: The progression of interference and facilitation (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 26, 201-211.
MacLeod, C. M., & Hodder, S. L. (1998). Presenting two color words on a single trial does not alter Stroop interference (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 26, 212-219.
MacDonald, P. A., & MacLeod, C. M. (1998). The influence of attention at encoding on direct and indirect remembering (PDF). Acta Psychologica, 98, 291-310.
MacLeod, C. M., & Masson, M. E. J. (1997). Enhancement patterns are different in masked word identification and word fragment completion (PDF). Journal of Memory and Language, 36, 461-483.
MacDonald, P. A., Antony, M. M., MacLeod, C. M., & Richter, M. A. (1997). Memory and confidence in memory judgments among individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and non-clinical controls (PDF). Behaviour Research & Therapy, 35, 497-505.
MacLeod, C. M., & Kampe, K. (1996). Word frequency effects on recall, recognition, and word fragment completion tests (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 132-142.
Masson, M. E. J., & MacLeod, C. M. (1996). Contributions of processing fluency to repetition effects in masked word identification (PDF). Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, 9-21.
MacLeod, C.M. (1996). How priming affects two speeded implicit tests of remembering: Naming colors versus reading words (PDF). Consciousness & Cognition, 5, 73-90.
Szymanski, K. F., & MacLeod, C. M. (1996). Manipulation of attention at study affects an explicit but not an implicit test of memory (PDF). Consciousness & Cognition, 5, 165-175.
MacLeod, C. M., & Masson, M. E. J. (1996). Implicit remembering: The fluency of reprocessing (PDF). The Annual Report of Educational Psychology in Japan, 35, 166-171.
Chiappe, D. L., & MacLeod, C. M. (1995). Negative priming is not task bound: A consistent pattern across naming and categorization tasks (PDF). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2, 364-369.
Golding, J. M., Long, D. L., & MacLeod, C. M. (1994). You can't always forget what you want: Directed forgetting of related words (PDF). Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 493-510.
Bors, D. A., MacLeod, C. M., & Forrin, B. (1993). Eliminating the IQ-RT correlation by eliminating an experimental confound (PDF). Intelligence, 17, 475-500.
MacLeod, C.M. (1992). The Stroop task The "gold standard" of attentional measures (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121, 12-14.
Masson, M.E.J., & MacLeod, C.M. (1992). Re-enacting the route to interpretation: Enhanced perceptual identification without prior perception (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121, 145-176.
MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review (PDF). Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
MacLeod, C. M. (1991). John Ridley Stroop: Creator of a landmark cognitive task (PDF). Canadian Psychology, 32, 521-524.
Besner, D., Smith, M. C., & MacLeod, C. M. (1990). Visual word recognition: A dissociation of lexical and semantic processing (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 862-869.
1980-1989
Smith, M. C., MacLeod, C. M., Bain, J. D., & Hoppe, R. (1989). Lexical decision as an indirect test of memory: Repetition priming and list-wide priming as a function of type of encoding (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 1109-1118.
Bassili, J. N., Smith, M. C., & MacLeod, C. M. (1989). Auditory and visual word-stem completion: Separating data-driven and conceptually driven processes (PDF). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41A, 439-453.
MacLeod, C.M. (1989). Word context during initial exposure influences degree of priming in word fragment completion (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 398-406.
MacLeod, C. M. (1989). Directed forgetting affects both direct and indirect tests of memory (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 13-21.
Sheehan, P. W., Donovan, P., & MacLeod, C. M. (1988). Strategy manipulation and the Stroop effect in hypnosis (PDF). Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 455-460.
MacLeod, C. M. (1988). Forgotten but not gone: Savings for pictures and words in long-term memory (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 195-212.
MacLeod, C. M., & Dunbar, K. (1988). Training and Stroop-like interference: Evidence for a continuum of automaticity (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 126-135.
MacLeod, C. M., Jackson, R. A., & Palmer, J. (1986). On the relation between field dependence and spatial ability (PDF). Intelligence, 10, 141-151.
MacLeod, C.M. (1986). Cross-modal recognition of pictures and descriptions without test-appropriate encoding (PDF). Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 24, 21-24.
MacLeod, C.M. (1985). Learning a list for free recall: Selective reminding versus the standard procedure (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 13, 233-240.
Wiseman, S., MacLeod, C. M., & Lootsteen, P. J. (1985). Picture recognition improves with subsequent verbal information (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11, 588-595.
Palmer, J., MacLeod, C.M., Hunt, E., & Davidson, J.E. (1985). Information processing correlates of reading (PDF). Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 59-88.
Dunbar, K., & MacLeod, C. M. (1984). A horse race of a different color: Stroop interference patterns with transformed words (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 622-639.
MacLeod, C. M., & Nelson, T. O. (1984). Response latency and response accuracy as measures of memory (PDF). Acta Psychologica, 57, 215-235.
Mathews, N. N., Hunt, E. B., & MacLeod, C. M. (1980). Strategy choice and strategy training in sentence-picture verification (PDF). Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 531-548.
Before 1980
MacLeod, C. M. (1979). Individual differences in learning and memory: A unitary information processing approach (PDF). Journal of Research in Personality, 13, 530-545.
Hunt, E. B., & MacLeod, C. M. (1978). The sentence verification paradigm: A case study of two conflicting approaches to individual differences (PDF). Intelligence, 2, 129-144. [Reprinted in R. J. Sternberg and D. K. Detterman (Eds.) (1979). Human intelligence. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.]
Books & book chapters
MacLeod, C. M. (2024). Interference theory: History and current status (PDF). In M. J. Kahana and A. D. Wagner (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of human memory: Foundations and applications (pp. 1173-1208). New York: Oxford University Press.
MacLeod, C. M. (2015). Attention: Beyond Stroop’s (1935) colour-word interference phenomenon (PDF). In M. W. Eysenck & D. Groome (Eds.), Cognitive psychology: Revisiting the classic studies (pp. 60 - 70). London: Sage.
Roefs, A., Huijding, J., Smulders, F. T. Y., Jansen A. T. M, & MacLeod, C. M. (2014). Implicit measures of association: A case of exaggerated promises? (PDF ). In G. Brown and D. A. Clark (Eds.), Assessment in cognitive therapy (pp. 291-315). New York: Guilford Press.
MacLeod, C. M., Jonker, T. R., & James, G. (2014). Individual differences in remembering (PDF). In T. J. Perfect and D. S. Lindsay (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of applied memory (pp. 385-403). London: Sage.
MacLeod, C. M. (2008). Implicit memory tests: Techniques for reducing conscious intrusion (PDF). In J. Dunlosky & R. A. Bjork (Eds.), Handbook of metamemory and memory (pp. 245-263). New York: Psychology Press.
Gorfein, D. S., & MacLeod, C. M. (Eds.) (2007). Inhibition in cognition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
MacLeod, C. M. (2007). The concept of inhibition in cognition (PDF). In D. S. Gorfein and C. M. MacLeod (Eds.), Inhibition in cognition (pp. 3-23). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
MacLeod, C. M. (2007). Cognitive inhibition: Elusive or illusion? (PDF). In H. L. Roediger, III, Y. Dudai, and S. M. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Science of memory: Concepts (pp. 301-305). New York: Oxford University Press.
Ohta, N., MacLeod, C.M., & Uttl, B. (Eds.) (2005). Dynamic cognitive processes. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag.
MacLeod, C. M., Uttl, B., & Ohta, N. (2005). Dynamic cognitive processes in broad perspective (PDF). In N. Ohta, C. M. MacLeod, & B. Uttl (Eds.), Dynamic cognitive processes (pp. 1-9). Tokyo: Springer-Verlag.
Sheard, E. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2005). List method directed forgetting: Return of the selective rehearsal account (PDF). In N. Ohta, C. M. MacLeod, & B. Uttl (Eds.), Dynamic cognitive processes (pp. 219-248). Tokyo: Springer-Verlag.
MacLeod, C. M. (2005). The Stroop task in cognitive research (PDF). In A. Wenzel & D. C. Rubin (Eds.), Cognitive methods and their application to clinical research (pp. 17-40). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
MacLeod, C., & MacLeod, C. (2005). The Stroop task: Indirectly measuring concept activation (PDF). In A. Wenzel & D. C. Rubin (Eds.), Cognitive methods and their application to clinical research (pp. 13-16). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
MacLeod, C. M., Dodd, M. D., Sheard, E. D., Wilson, D. E., & Bibi, U. (2003). In opposition to inhibition (PDF). In B. H. Ross (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 43 (pp. 163-214). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
MacLeod, C. M. (2001). Dividing attention to study the resource demands of memory processes (PDF). In M. Naveh-Benjamin, M. Moscovitch, and H. L. Roediger, III (Eds.), Perspectives on human memory and cognitive aging: Essays in honour of Fergus Craik (pp. 226-233). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
Golding, J. M., & MacLeod, C. M. (Eds.) (1998). Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
MacLeod, C. M. (1998). Directed forgetting (PDF). In J. M. Golding & C. M. MacLeod (Eds.), Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 1-57). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Masson, M. E. J., & MacLeod, C. M. (1997). Episodic enhancement of processing fluency (PDF). In D. L. Medin (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 37 (pp. 155-210). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Bors, D. A., & MacLeod, C. M. (1996). Individual differences in memory (PDF). In E. L. Bjork and R. A. Bjork (Eds.), Handbook of perception and cognition, Vol. 10: Memory (pp. 411-441). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
The research reported here has been made possible through the continuing grant support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada.
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