The application of chemical thermodynamics to geochemical problems. Development of the three laws of thermodynamics; Gibbs free energy and equilibria constants. Introduction to various topics in aqueous geochemistry such as mineral equilibria, ion exchange and redox equilibria. Laboratory sessions involving various experiments related to mineral solubility, chemical kinetics, acid-base equilibria and chemical modelling.  Read more about EARTH 421 - Advanced Geochemistry [Laboratory Instructor] (F22, F23)