Q & A with the Experts: Wildfire smoke gets in your eyes

Warnings about air quality are a common occurrence during wildfire season. Dr. André Stanberry, professor and clinic director at the School of Optometry and Vision Science at the University of Waterloo, says our eyes can feel the effects of wildfire smoke even far away.

Why does smoke irritate our eyes?
The surface of the eye has the highest concentration of nerve endings in the body, making it extremely sensitive to even minor environmental changes. Smoke contains fine particles and various gases that can irritate this delicate surface, leading to discomfort such as burning, redness, or watery eyes. Some individuals may also have allergic reactions to specific components in the smoke, making their eyes itchy as well. Inflammation can disrupt tear production or reduce tear quality, leading to dry-eye symptoms such as burning, a gritty sensation, and excess tearing. People with pre-existing dry eye or ocular allergies may experience more pronounced or prolonged symptoms.

Why would our eyes get irritated from wildfire smoke far away?
Wildfire smoke can travel great distances, and even when it’s not visible, the air may still contain a high concentration of fine particulates and gases. These airborne irritants can trigger symptoms depending on their levels and an individual’s sensitivity, regardless of the fire’s proximity. 
 
How can we protect our eyes from irritation or provide relief?
Responses to smoke exposure can vary, but the first line of defence is avoidance, especially during high-smoke advisories. When outdoors, you can get some protection by wearing wraparound sunglasses, such as the one that fit over your glasses or ones for people with dry eyes. Lubricating eye drops used throughout the day can help flush out irritants and soothe the surface of the eye. For persistent symptoms, an optometrist may prescribe anti-allergic or anti-inflammatory eye drops to reduce inflammation and discomfort.