At the University of Waterloo, any research, teaching or training activities involving live, non-human vertebrate animals—whether conducted on or off campus by students, staff or faculty—must undergo ethical review and receive formal approval. The use of animals in science is a responsibility we take seriously, as outlined in our statement on animal use in research, teaching, training and testing at the University. It is permitted only after a thorough review process to ensure that animals are treated ethically and humanely, and only when no suitable alternatives exist.