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Speaker:

Elnaz Hessami Pilehrood
Affiliation: University of Waterloo
Location: MC 6029

Abstract:As cryptographic protocols transition to post-quantum security, most adopt hybrid solutions combining classical and post-quantum assumptions. This shift often sacrifices efficiency, compactness, or even security. One such property is deniability, which enables users to plausibly deny authorship of potentially incriminating messages. While classical protocols like X3DH key agreement (used in Signal and WhatsApp) provide deniability, post-quantum protocols like PQXDH and Apple’s iMessage with PQ3 do not. This work addresses this gap by investigating how to efficiently preserve deniability in post-quantum protocols. Specifically, we propose two hybrid schemes for authenticated key encapsulation mechanisms (AKEMs). The first is a black-box construction that preserves deniability when both constituent AKEMs are deniable. The second is Shadowfax, a non-black-box AKEM that achieves hybrid security, integrating a classical non-interactive key exchange, a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, and a post-quantum ring signature. Shadowfax satisfies deniability in both dishonest and honest receiver settings, relying on statistical security in the former and on a single pre- or post-quantum assumption in the latter. Finally, we provide several portable implementations of Shadowfax. When instantiated with standardised components (ML–KEM and Falcon), Shadowfax yields ciphertexts of 1 728 bytes and public keys of 2 036 bytes, with encapsulation and decapsulation costs of 1.8M and 0.7M cycles on an Apple M1 Pro.

Monday, April 6, 2026 2:45 pm - 3:45 pm EDT (GMT -04:00)

Graphs and Matroids - Eileen Robinson-Coloring claw-free graphs of bounded codegree

Speaker: Eileen Robinson
Affiliation: Université libre de Bruxelles
Room: MC 5479

Abstract:We define the codegree of a given graph as the maximum number of neighbors that any two distinct vertices have in common.

In 2002, V. Vu proposed that for a given graph, its chromatic number should never be too much larger than its codegree, provided that its codegree is not too small as a proportion of its maximum degree.
Speaker: Ashleigh Adams
Affiliation: North Dakota State University
Location: MC 6029

Abstract: Webs are graphical objects that give a tangible, combinatorial way to compute and classify tensor invariants. Recently, Gaetz, Pechenik, Pfannerer, Striker, and Swanson (arXiv:2306.12501) found a rotation-invariant web basis for SL₄, as well as its quantum deformation U_q(sl₄), and a bijection between move equivalence classes of SL₄-webs and fluctuating tableaux such that web rotation corresponds to tableau promotion. They also found a bijection between the set of plane partitions in an a×b×c box and a benzene move equivalence class of SL₄-webs by determining the corresponding oscillating tableau. In this talk, I will similarly find the oscillating tableaux corresponding to plane partitions in certain symmetry classes by characterizing them via certain lattice words. A dynamical action on tableaux, called promotion, corresponds to rotation of SL₄-webs. I will show how promotion of certain subtableaux aligns with rotation of their respective webs. I will also show that this correspondence maps through a projection to either SL₂ or SL₃ webs. Moreover, this projection is exactly a partial evaluation of webs. This talk will be given through the lens of the combinatorics of webs and tableaux. Some of this work is joint with Jessica Striker.

There will be a pre-seminar presenting relevant background at the beginning graduate level starting at 1:30pm.

Monday, March 30, 2026 12:30 pm - 1:30 pm EDT (GMT -04:00)

C&O Reading Group - Jacob Skitsko-A Simple Proof of Hardness of Matrix Completion

Speaker:

Jacob Skitsko
Affiliation: University of Waterloo
Location: MC 6029

Abstract:

In the matrix completion problem, we are given an incomplete matrix A as input. Some entries are filled in, and some entries have the value "*". Our task is to fill in the "*" entries so that the resulting completed matrix has minimum rank. We'll discuss a simple proof from Shitov showing that it is hard to distinguish between an incomplete matrix having a rank 3 completion, or all completions requiring at least rank 4.
The idea is to index the matrix by vectors. These vectors will represent a circuit computing a family of polynomials, f(x) in F. The hope is that any rank 3 completion will be forced to fill in the matrix values according to these vector labels. Thus, the completion will specify values for x_i, x_j, x_i + x_j, x_i * x_j, ... , and so on until it specifies values for our polynomials f(x). If we force the f(x) in F entries to be 0, then this is exactly a solution to the polynomial system F. Seeing why any rank 3 completion should be forced to operate in this way takes a bit of squinting, but is overall quite pleasant.
Speaker: Hadleigh Frost
Affiliation: Institute for Advanced Study
Location: MC 5417

Abstract: Cosmological correlation functions probe the quantum origins of structure in the universe and are a prototype for many calculations in physics. I will share recent work on the complexes, fans and polytopes associated to these functions based on arXiv:2602.21194 and ongoing work. Two structures lie at the heart of this story: (1) incidence relations between chains and anti-chains, (2) a notion of "nested sets of nested sets". Both structures can be studied for an arbitrary lattice, but building sets of the boolean lattice are my main motivation.

There will be a pre-seminar presenting relevant background at the beginning graduate level starting at 1:30pm.

Monday, March 30, 2026 2:45 pm - 3:45 pm EDT (GMT -04:00)

Graphs and Matroids - Lise Turner-Anemones and Matroids of High Branch-Depth

Speaker: Lise Turner
Affiliation: University of Waterloo
Room: MC 5479

Abstract:We prove a conjecture by DeVos, Kwon and Oum on the unavoidable minors of matroids of high branch-depth. We also consider the properties of collections of crossing low order separations known as anemones. This is joint work with Jim Geelen and Rutger Cambell.

Friday, March 27, 2026 3:30 pm - 4:30 pm EDT (GMT -04:00)

Tutte Colloquium -Therese Biedl-Planar graph drawing, meet MSOL

Speaker: Therese Biedl
Affiliation: University of Waterloo
Location: MC 5501

Abstract: It is well-known that every planar graph has a planar drawing with straight-line segments, even if vertices are restricted to lie on a grid with linear coordinates.  In this talk, we will study the question of finding planar graph drawings where the height H of the grid is as small as possible.   Dujmovic et al gave an FPT-algorithm that finds the minimum height.  However, it is not particularly adaptable to closely related problems, such as finding rectilinear drawings of minimum height.    We therefore study a new and completely different approach to test whether a graph has a drawing of height H.     Since such graphs have pathwidth O(H), a natural approach is to appeal to Courcelle's theorem.  This requires phrasing the problem in so-called monadic second-order logic (MSOL), but MSOL supports neither arbitrarily large integers nor permutations, making it difficult to use for graph drawing problems.   In this talk, we show that with some detours we can phrase the question of whether G has a straight-line drawing of height H in a radically different way ("no face has a fish") that can be easily expressed in MSOL.

(Joint work with Ignaz Rutter)

Speaker:

Mohammad Hajiabadi
Affiliation: University of Waterloo
Location: MC 6029

Abstract:CCA security is a fundamental notion in cryptography. There are standard techniques to generically achieve CCA security for all-or-nothing type public-key encryption schemes, such as heuristic approaches based on Fujisaki–Okamoto, or constructions in the standard model using tools like hinting PRGs. However, in more advanced settings, such as functional encryption or threshold encryption, these generic approaches break down. Moreover, defining CCA security in these settings is itself non-trivial and leads to subtle definitional challenges.

In this talk, I will discuss these issues, highlight the key obstacles, and present several open problems, along with possible directions for addressing them.
Speaker: Ian George
Affiliation: University of Waterloo
Location: MC 5417

Abstract: Causal Set Theory (CST) is a theory of quantum gravity where spacetime is taken to be a locally finite poset, called a causal set.  A central problem in CST is to determine physically relevant properties from the purely combinatorial information of the causal set.  In 2014 Glaser and Surya demonstrated that the distribution of interval sizes of a causal set sprinkled into a region of Minkowski space contains information about the dimension of the underlying spacetime.  In 2026 Surya showed that this distribution can be used to define a “closeness” function on causal sets that distinguishes by dimension and global topology.  In this talk we present work motivated by these results which investigates the more general notion of convex sets, instead of intervals, of a poset.  First, we will introduce a generating polynomial for convex sets in a finite poset and explore some of its properties.  We will then show that this polynomial is a complete invariant for the family of series-parallel posets.  Lastly, we discuss early results on the utility of this polynomial in CST.  The pre-seminar will introduce relevant background on CST.

There will be a pre-seminar presenting relevant background at the beginning graduate level starting at 1:30pm.

Monday, March 23, 2026 11:30 am - 12:30 pm EDT (GMT -04:00)

Algebraic Graph Theory-Zhaochen Ding-A construction of multicovers of a cycle

Speaker: Zhaochen Ding
Affiliation:

University of Primorska

Location: Please contact Sabrina Lato for Zoom link.

Abstract: Praeger-Xu graphs are a family of multicovers of cycles, known for some of their surprising properties. A fundamental observation is that these graphs can be constructed from De Bruijn graphs. In this presentation, we will generalize the definition of De Bruijn graphs to create a broader family of multicovers. Finally, we will compute the automorphism group and show some applications of our constructions. This is a joint work with Ci Xuan Wu.