Seminar

Title:Hybrid Signature Schemes

Abstract: The transition to post quantum cryptography comes with many challenges. On the one hand, classically secure algorithms are well-tested, and we have a high degree of confidence in them against classical adversaries, but they are vulnerable to quantum computers. On the other hand, we currently have no reason to believe that post quantum algorithms are vulnerable to either classical or quantum adversaries, however, they are still relatively new, and because of that, they have not been scrutinized to the degree of their classical counterparts. Additionally, the transition will not happen instantaneously, and there will be a period of time where some interfaces are able to support post quantum algorithms while others can only support classical ones. One possible solution to these challenges (on the digital signature side of things) is to use hybrid signature schemes, which, loosely speaking, are digital signature schemes based off of both a classical and a hybrid digital signature scheme, which are secure if at least one of the underlying signature schemes is secure. In this talk, I will cover a few different signature combiners, and compare and contrast both how they work and the properties they guarantee. This talk is based off of the papers "A Note on Hybrid Signature Schemes" by Nina Bindel and Britta Hale, and "Bird of Prey: Practical Signature Combiners Preserving Strong Existential Unforgeability" by Jonas Janneck.

Title: Valuated Delta Matroids and Principal Minors

Abstract: Delta matroids are a generalization of matroids that arise naturally from combinatorial objects such as matchings, ribbon graphs, and principal minors of symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. In this talk, we will define valuated delta matroids and explore their connection with principal minors of Hermitian matrices, generalizing work by Rincón on valuated even delta matroids and skew symmetric matrices. Based on joint work with Nathan Cheung, Gaku Liu, and Cynthia Vinzant.

Title: Combinatorics of causal set theory

Abstract: Causal set theory is an approach to quantum gravity where spacetime is a locally finite poset. This approach asks interesting questions about posets that are as of yet little explored in combinatorics. I'll explain how I got interested in this subject recently and some of the aspects that might particularly appeal to a discrete mathematician.

Title: Cover-free Families on Graphs

Abstract: A family of subsets of a t-set is a d-cover-free family or d-CFF if no subset in the family is contained in the union of any d other subsets. Let t(d, n) denote the minimum t for which there exists a d-CFF of a t-set with n subsets. t(1, n) is determined using Sperner’s theorem. For d ≥ 2, we rely on bounds for t(d, n). Erdős, Frankl, and Füredi proved 3.106 log(n) < t(2, n) < 5.512 log(n). 

Title:ROAST: Robust Asynchronous Schnorr Threshold Signatures

Abstract: In this talk, I will review ROAST, which is a practical wrapper that turns any threshold signature scheme into a robust and asynchronous threshold signature scheme, as long as the base scheme is semi-interactive with identifiable aborts and unforgeable under concurrent signing sessions. Since the well-known FROST scheme meets these conditions, applying ROAST to FROST yields a simple, efficient Schnorr-based threshold signature scheme.

Title: Minimising the Martin invariant

Abstract: The Martin invariant of an even degree regular graph is an integer, defined by a recurrence at a vertex. In this talk, we define
this invariant and review some of its properties, and then focus on the following question: which graphs minimise the Martin invariant?

There will be a pre-seminar presenting relevant background at the beginning graduate level starting at 1:30pm.

Title: Turnpike phenomena in optimal control

Abstract: This talk will begin with a concise introduction to optimal control, viewed as an optimization problem where the decision variables are subject to dynamical constraints. We will then discuss the turnpike phenomenon in optimal control problems and show how it can be characterized through the energy-based concept of dissipativity of the underlying dynamical system. The theoretical results will be illustrated in the context of linear–quadratic optimal control problems, both for discrete and continuous time dynamics, where a complete characterization can be derived in terms of the spectral properties of the system.

Title: An overview of Clapoti(s) and its variants

Abstract: In 2022, it was discovered that one can break SIDH by working with isogenies of higher dimensions. Since then, the study of high dimensional isogenies and their applications has been a prominent subject in isogeny-based cryptography. One such application is Clapoti, an algorithm allowing for the evaluation of ideal class group actions in polynomial time. However, the exact time cost of Clapoti is unclear as it has no implementation. This is mainly because there is currently no generic implantation for high dimensional isogeny computation, although there are some implementations for subsets of these isogenies. Because of this, variants of Clapoti have been proposed that only use isogenies for which we have implementations. In this presentation, we will briefly look at two of these variants, KLaPoTi and PEGASIS, how they work, their advantages and their limitations.

Title: Counting Substructures in Hypergraphs with Spectrum

Abstract: Jacobi’s classical result expresses the generating function for closed walks at a vertex of a graph as the ratio of two characteristic polynomials. We find a hypergraph analogue of this relationship, showing that the same rational function for a hypergraph also counts combinatorial substructures within it, called infragraphs. We use Viennot’s Heaps of Pieces framework to establish this result for the adjacency tensor of a hypergraph. As an immediate consequence, we obtain an alternative proof for the monotonicity of the principal eigenvalue of a hypergraph. This is based on joint work with Joshua Cooper and Utku Okur (arXiv: 2411.03567).

There will be a pre-seminar presenting relevant background at the beginning graduate level starting at 1:30pm.

Title: Hadamard matrices, quantum groups, and quantum games.

Abstract: A Hadamard matrix is a square matrix of complex numbers whose entries have modulus 1, and whose columns are pairwise orthogonal.  Hadamard matrices appear all over mathematics and its applications, including computer science, statistics, and quantum physics. In this talk, I will give a brief introduction to Hadamard matrices with a particular focus on Hadamard matrices whose entries are powers of a fixed root of unity (a.k.a. Butson Hadamard matrices).  Butson matrices are interesting combinatorial objects, and can be thought of as generalizations of the Fourier transform matrix associated to a finite abelian group.  For a general Hadamard matrix, I will explain how one can associate to it two natural "group-like" objects, called quantum groups (or Hopf algebras).   The first type of quantum group associated to a Hadamard matrix can be thought of as a generalization of the abelian group associated to a Fourier matrix, and the second type of quantum group can be thought of as the "quantum automorphism group" of the Hadamard matrix.  This latter quantum group is particularly interesting as it can be used to define a notion of quantum equivalence of Hadamard matrices, and it turns out that many classically inequivalent Hadamard matrices can be quantum equivalent.  Time permitting, I'll interpret quantum equivalence of Hadamard matrices in terms of a certain non-local game involving Hadamard matrices that can be played perfectly with the aid of quantum entanglement.  This is joint work with Daniel Gromada, Roberto Hernandez-Palomares, and Nicky Priebe.