Seminar

Title: Graphs and combinatorics with a relationship to algebra, geometry and physics

Abstract:

Several algebraic and geometric structures are most naturally encoded via graphs. These include restrictions, such as trees, and decorations, such as planar graphs, ribbon graphs, bi-partite graphs (aka. hypergraphs), directed versions, etc. Particularly nice properties satisfy some kind of hereditary condition. This affords a dual perspective. Either as (nested) subsets and decomposition, or as composition, gluing locally. Both views relate to category theory, algebra, and combinatorics in terms of finite sets, cospans etc. We will give examples of these phenomena and provide a general background.

Title: Perfect Colorings of the Generalized Petersen Graphs

Abstract:

For a graph G and an integer m, a mapping T:V(G) -> {1,...,m} is called a perfect m-coloring with matrix A=(a_ij), i,j \in {1,...,m}, if it is surjective, and for all i,j, for every vertex of color i, the number of its neighbors of color j is equal to a_ij. There is another term for this concept in literature as "equitable partition". In this talk, we present some important results about enumerating parameter matrices of all perfect 2-colorings and perfect 3-colorings of generalized Petersen graphs GP(n,k).

Title: An Efficient Algorithm for Deciding the Vanishing of Schubert Polynomial Coefficients

Abstract:

 Schubert polynomials form a basis of all polynomials and appear in the study of cohomology rings of flag manifolds. The vanishing problem for Schubert polynomials asks if a coefficient of a Schubert polynomial is zero. We give a tableau criterion to solve this problem, from which we deduce the first polynomial time algorithm. These results are obtained from new characterizations of the Schubitope, a generalization of the permutahedron defined for any subset of the n x n grid. In contrast, we show that computing these coefficients explicitly is #P-complete. This is joint work with Anshul Adve and Alexander Yong.

Title: Flat Littlewood Polynomials Exist

Abstract:

In a Littlewood polynomial, all coefficients are either 1 or -1. Littlewood proved many beautiful theorems about these polynomials over his long life, and in his 1968 monograph he stated several influential conjectures about them. One of the most famous of these was inspired by a question of Erdos, who asked in 1957 whether there exist "flat" Littlewood polynomials of degree n, that is, with |P(z)| of order n^{1/2} for all (complex) z with |z| = 1. 

*Note different start time

Title: Real Chromatic Roots of Graphs

Abstract:

In February 1988, I arrived at C&O Waterloo for a postdoc with the late Ron Read. He handed me a paper by Beraha, Kahane and Weiss, and told me to apply it to determining the location of the complex roots of chromatic polynomials.  I’ve returned to the topic every few years since then, with varying degrees of success---some positive results, but still many open problems and conjectures remain.

Title: Chain decompositions for q,t-Catalan numbers

Abstract:

The q,t-Catalan numbers Cat_n(q,t) are polynomials in q and t that reduce to the ordinary Catalan numbers when q=t=1. These polynomials have important connections to representation theory, algebraic geometry, and symmetric functions. Work of Garsia, Haglund, and Haiman has given us combinatorial formulas for Cat_n(q,t) as sums of Dyck vectors weighted by area and dinv. This talk narrates our ongoing quest for a bijective proof of the notorious symmetry property Cat_n(q,t)=Cat_n(t,q).

Title: Solving Prellberg and Mortimer's conjecture - bijection(s)
between Motzkin paths and triangular walks

Abstract:

In these difficult times, what we need to feel better is some colorful and elegant bijections.

This talk introduces the work we did with Andrew Elvey-Price (Tours, France) and Irène Marcovici (Nancy, France). Together we answered an open question from Mortimer and Prellberg, asking for a bijection between a family of walks inside a bounded triangular domain (think about a large equilateral triangle subdivided in several smaller equilateral triangles) and the famous Motzkin paths, but which have bounded height.

Title: Cospectral Vertices and Isospectral Reductions

Abstract:

Understanding cospectral vertices in graphs is fundamental to understanding what the spectrum of the adjacency matrix can tell us about a graph.  Furthermore, cospectral vertices are necessary in constructions of graphs exhibiting perfect quantum state transfer.  I will talk about how to recognize cospectral vertices via a tool from network dynamics: the isospectral reduction of a graph.  I will explore possible ways of getting new constructions of cospectral vertices by looking at isospectral reductions.

Title: Mixed Integer Programming - Strength of adding integer variables

Abstract:

Mixed Integer Programming is the problem of optimizing a multi-variate function over some domain constraints where some variables are required to take integer values. From a complexity-theoretic perspective,  problems with fewer integer variables are easier to solve. However, this is not always the case in practice.  We will discuss how performance can be improved when adding integer variables in the context of cutting planes and branch and bound. We will compare several frameworks for doing so in both the context of converting lifting integer and continuous variables to more variables.  We will conclude with recent work on mixed-integer quadratic programming and mention some computational results.

Title: Probabilistic Aspects of Voting, Intransitivity, and Manipulation

Abstract:

Marquis de Condorcet, a French philosopher, mathematician, and political scientist, studied mathematical aspects of voting in the eighteenth century. Condorcet was interested in studying voting rules as procedures for aggregating noisy signals and in the paradoxical nature of ranking  3 or more alternatives. We will begin with a quick survey of some of the main mathematical models, tools, and results in this theory and discuss some recent progress in the area.