The reports below are organized in terms of their relevance for people working for change within the:
public sector (state-led programs and policies),
private sector (private businesses), and the
Reports
Life stories of food agency, health, and resilience in a rapidly gentrifying urban centre: Building a multidimensional concept of food access
Assessment type: Qualitative study on intersecting elements of food access
Author(s): Ong, V., Skinner, K., & Minaker, L. K.
Year: 2021
Synopsis: This study explores “the relationship between food access, food security, health and gentrification in the rapidly gentrifying urban centre of Kitchener, Ontario, Canada.” Assessment uses interviews with regional key informants and low-income, longtime residents of Kitchener-Waterloo. An analysis of race, equity, and food justice-based highlights disproportionate impacts of gentrification on racialized residents regarding access to culturally-appropriate foods. Study findings reveal the complexity and difficulty of making food choices and the creative adaptation methods of vulnerable residents in an oppressive and gentrifying food environment. The study urges understanding of diverse perspectives and supporting food agency and food justice towards supporting food security and health.
“Where Creator has my feet, there I will be responsible”: Impacts of place on urban Indigenous food sovereignty initiatives across Grand River Territory
Assessment type: Thesis analysis of Indigenous food sovereignty initiatives
Author(s): Miltenburg, E.
Year: 2021
Synopsis: This thesis focuses on Indigenous food sovereignty (IFS) initiatives across urban centers within the Grand River Territory (Kitchener-Waterloo, Guelph, and Cambridge). The impact of place on these initiatives was investigated through interviews with Indigenous people involved in local IFS initiatives. Thematic analysis displays the focus on Land-based knowledge and relationships by IFS initiatives that influence the urban food environment, both physically through barriers to land access, and socially through mitigated relationships and barriers to practices. The study explores the withstanding impacts of the colonial legacies on Indigenous individuals and communities. Urban centers are working towards revitalizing Indigenous food systems based on Indigenous principles of Land-based relationships and reciprocity.
"Feeling out of place suddenly, and you haven't even moved": Food gentrification, alternative foods, and sociospatial justice in Downtown Kitchener, Ontario
Assessment type: Thesis on food gentrification in Downtown Kitchener, ON
Author(s): Ong, V.
Year: 2020
Synopsis: This thesis performs a literature review on “food gentrification” that can result in declining access and affordability of traditional foods by “upscaling”, increasing property taxes around alternative food initiatives (AIFs), and changing population demographics and demands. Using a qualitative and mixed-methods approach, the food-gentrification relationship is explored in Downton, Kitchener, Ontario. Two manuscripts were used to explore the experiences of low-income residents with food gentrification, to be assessed through a public health and urban planning lens. The manuscripts focused on food agency to assess impacts on health and the potential for AIFs to address socialspatial equity, respectively. Finally, recommendations and tools founded on life stories and multi-scalar solutions are proposed.
Experiences of Food Insecurity Among Undergraduate Students: “You Can’t Starve Yourself Through School”
Assessment type: Student food insecurity and challenging the "starving student" ideology
Author(s): Maynard, M., et al.
Year: 2018
Synopsis: The “starving student” ideology has normalized food insecurity in post-secondary education, leaving undergrad students rarely examined or identified in policy and program solutions. This study reveals the anxiety and frustration over the unaffordability of healthy food and the impacts to their physical and mental health and their academic performance. Waterloo Region has a strong student population from colleges and universities, including University of Waterloo, Wilfrid Laurier University, and Conestoga College, making this research extremely relevant to our communities.
Barriers and opportunities in up-taking agricultural co-operative business models in Ontario
Assessment type: Study on maintaining agricultural co-operatives in Ontario
Author(s): Brash, C. and Schering, J.
Year: 2017
Synopsis: Twentieth century trends towards large-scale agriculture have caused losses to economic, social and ecological diversity. Agriculture co-operatives can be an efficient way to create an environment that encourages and sustains small-scale, diverse agriculture practices. This study investigates the barriers to starting and maintaining agricultural co-operatives, based on a review of existing literature and a survey of key informants in this sector. The study also identified gaps in existing research and potential solutions to expand agriculture cooperatives in Ontario.
Diverse forms of market engagement: Grounding food sovereignty in the experiences of Ontario's ecological grain farmers
Assessment type: Thesis exploring marketing challenges of food sovereignty
Author(s): Mann, E.
Year: 2016
Synopsis: With its emphasis on sustainability, the ‘local’, and the rights of producers, food sovereignty serves in this research as a lens to examine the challenges and opportunities that Ontario’s ecological grain farmers experience when bringing their products to market. As food sovereignty is a relatively young movement, it is important to remain critical of it in order to understand how it may best continue forward as a means of challenging dominant agri-food systems. Semi-structured interviews and social constructivist research find alignment between food sovereignty principles and the needs of those interviewed, but disjointed opinions on marketing practices. This study delves into localization and globalization of grain chains in Ontario, prospects of livelihood through food sovereignty, and the potential contributions of a diverse economies framework in food studies. Best practices and common challenges are outlined, distilled from lived experiences of Ontario’s ecological grain farmers.
The Diverse Economies of Food Systems in Waterloo Region: An Inventory
Assessment type: Study of diverse economies and Waterloo Region’s food system
Author(s): Calamai, M.; Weichel, S. and Woods, C.
Year: 2016
Synopsis: This study considers the ‘diverse economies’ of Waterloo Region’s food systems with a purpose to categorize the various markets, labour and enterprises that exist outside of the normal, capitalist structure. We analyze the markets, labourers and enterprises found within the region, and close with a comprehensive inventory of all our collective findings. It is our hope that this inventory can inform local citizens and policymakers and can promote a change towards a more sustainable food network.
Barriers and Supports to Expanding Ontario’s Organic Sector
Assessment type: Examination of social, financial and governmental barriers
Author(s): Côté, B.; Sheppard, K. and Zalmay, H.H.
Year: 2016
Synopsis: Using organic farming methods requires a set of skills and knowledge about the ecological processes in order to maintain the productivity and sustainability of an organic farm. This report found that social/ educational, financial and governmental limitations are three main barriers that are preventing the expansion of Ontario’s organic sector. There is a lack of financial support in Ontario for farmers to farm organically, which decreases the likelihood for farmers and consumers to transition to organic. Our study recommends greater government attention given to support groups for organic farms to get established and to flourish.
Climate Change and Agricultural Production in the Region of Waterloo
Assessment type: Examination of climate change impact on agriculture
Author(s): Fuchs, C.; Lam, S.; McLean, A. and Spanton, A.
Year: 2016
Synopsis: This report examines the potential impacts of climate change on agriculture in the Region of Waterloo and identifies risks and vulnerabilities facing the region. Local projections are used to inform the identification of climate risks and vulnerabilities for the Region, and two local farm cases, Oakridge Acres and Brian Domm Farms Ltd, illustrate farm-level vulnerability. Government policies are analyzed to identify how governments are supporting agricultural adaptation within the region.
Agroecology: Technology Transfer to Ontario
Assessment type: Distilling food systems change from global examples
Author(s): Garcha, A.; Khan, S. and Wong, E.
Year: 2016
Synopsis: Agroecology incorporates environmentalism, sustainability, ecological principles, local Indigenous knowledge, and agricultural science into a holistic practice. This report draws on lessons from both the Global South and the Global North to understand how to change our food system to improve ecological impacts and food security in Ontario. The variety of successful agroecological practices reflects the diversity of natural ecosystems, human innovation, and the power to overcome barriers, with much potential to be inspired by technology from the Global South to improve Global North farming practices.
Developing a National School Food Program in Canada: A Comprehensive Approach
Assessment type: Outline of best management practices for national food program
Author(s): Jakobsen, W.; Nureddin, N. and Chin, L.
Year: 2016
Synopsis: There remains a ground-breaking opportunity for the Canadian government to employ a national school food program built upon our current understanding of food systems. From its conception, a national program in Canada can immediately establish the structure and dynamic of sustainable relationships between consumers, producers, and distributors. This report aims to outline the benefits, challenges, and best management practices which may be successfully administered to create a comprehensive and feasible national food program in Canada.
A Portrait of Agroecological Approaches in the Waterloo Region Food System
Assessment type: Outlines successful alternative initiatives and next steps
Author(s): Moore, K.; Selliah, N. and Virdee, A.
Year: 2016
Synopsis: Agroecology is a farming concept based on the principles of recycling nutrients and energy within a farm system, integrating multiple crops and livestock to increase biodiversity, while enhancing natural interactions between species to benefit the success of the whole system. Waterloo Region has a growing network of farmers, producers, and organizations that are striving to incorporate agroecology into their operations. This study examines the agroecological approaches, experiences, and initiatives taken by local farmers, producers and organizations, who are working in conjunction with the region’s municipalities toward the implementation of a healthy food system in the Region of Waterloo. This paper builds a portrait of the successful alternative initiatives within the community, documents arising challenges, and identifies steps to be taken in the future.
Potential of the Local Food Economy in the Region of Waterloo
Assessment type: Case studies of sustainable innovation to use in Waterloo Region
Author(s): Phillips, O.; Vogtenberger, J. and Lang. C.
Year: 2013
Synopsis: What are the successes and barriers experienced by those participating in the local food sector in Waterloo Region, and what is the future of the local food economy in this region? This study focuses on three organizations operating in the local food economy in this region: Bailey’s Local Foods, Open Food Network Canada, and Local Line, highlighting each organization's perspectives and practices. With a focus on access, sustainability and innovation, we analyze these three cases and provide recommendations for further expanding the local food economy in the Region of Waterloo.
Edible Landscapes in Business Owned Green Spaces
Assessment type: Barriers and opportunities for edible landscaping in KW Region
Author(s): Thompson, M. and Sokolowski, S.
Year: 2016
Synopsis: This study aims to capture the barriers and opportunities for edible landscaping within businesses in the Kitchener Waterloo region. Through 4 interviews with local people involved with edible landscaping at multiple scales, we found 3 main challenges to incorporation that can be focused on in the region. Additionally, we included recommendations and solutions that companies and organizations can adopt to make this sustainable landscaping approach a more renowned opportunity in the business realm.
The Impacts of Modern Food Systems on Canadian, Northern Indigenous Communities: A Case Study of the Algonquin Wolf Lake First Nation
Assessment type: Impacts of modern food systems on northern Indigenous
Author(s): Van Schie-Copol, J.M. and Oliver, D.J.
Year: 2016
Synopsis: This study assesses the impacts modern food systems have had on northern Indigenous communities, through a case study of Wolf Lake First Nation (WLFN) in northern Ontario. Over the past 150 years, due to colonization, the vast cultural knowledge of production, harvesting, processing and using local plants, medicine, herbs and other traditional foods that sustained Indigenous people has decreased to the point of near extinction in many first nation communities. We explore the impacts of these dietary, health, and cultural changes, and identify solutions that WLFN and other First Nation communities have integrated to address some of these issues.
University of Waterloo Campus Food Initiatives Research
Assessment type: Challenges and opportunity for campus garden projects
Author(s): Zwier, E.; Al-Lababidi, N.; Hager, M. and Norton, R.
Year: 2016
Synopsis: There have been an increasing number of campus-scale food production initiatives across North American universities and colleges. Such initiatives have helped to improve campus sustainability, educational opportunities, student engagement and food security. Within the context of the University of Waterloo, food production initiatives such as the University of Waterloo Campus Market Garden (UWCMG) are still encountering challenges and unrealized opportunities for increased production and impact. Through an online survey and semi-structured interviews, this study identified the challenges and opportunities of the University of Waterloo Campus Market Garden and several other campus garden projects.
Small Farms, Big Impacts: A Case Study in the Development of a Sustainable Farming Livelihood for Direct-Marketing Farmers in Southwestern Ontario, Canada
Assessment type: Thesis on business strategies for direct-marketing farms
Author(s): Bumbacco, A.
Year: 2015
Synopsis: Direct-marketing farms play an important role in fostering healthy communities in an era of rapid climate change and unsustainable global agro-industrial practices. Direct-marketing farms offer social benefits such as a sense of community and food education, as well as environmental benefits through sustainable farming techniques. Without a feasible business model to foster a more sustainable livelihood, farming in such a way will never become widely adopted - despite its many benefits. This thesis explores the most useful business strategies to be employed on direct-marketing farms to procure sustainable livelihoods.
From farm to waste: Addressing the problem of farm level food losses, case study Waterloo Region, Ontario
Assessment type: Study on farm produce waste and sustainable production process
Author(s): Gravely, E
Year: 2015
Synopsis: Over twenty percent of fruits and vegetables are estimated to be wasted before leaving the farm. This study explores the characteristics of fruit and vegetable waste on farms and the factors that can facilitate a more sustainable production process. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three farms and a local academic expert from the Waterloo Region to gain information on: (1) the characteristics and causes of fruit and vegetable waste on farms, (2) the activities in
place to reduce and/or manage the waste, and (3) the factors that influence the emergence of waste reduction practices. Overall, the findings suggest that both the problems and solutions to food waste are rooted in the context of individual farming operations, as well as other economic and cultural factors. Solutions must simultaneously support farmers' livelihoods and mitigate waste generation. On a macro level, this study links farm level food waste to issues in the current food system, like the market standard for cosmetically perfect produce.
Identifying food deserts and swamps based on relative healthy food access: a spatio-temporal Bayesian approach.
Assessment type: Spatio-temporal modeling and analysis of local food environment
Author(s): Luan, H.
Year: 2015
Synopsis: This research demonstrates a Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling approach to analyse RHFA at the small-area scale. Results suggest that food swamps are more prevalent than food deserts in the Region of Waterloo. Analysing spatio-temporal trends of RHFA improves the understanding of the local food environment, highlighting specific small-areas where policies should be targeted to increase RHFA and reduce risk factors of adverse health outcomes such as obesity.
Carbon Footprinting Dietary Choices in Ontario: A life cycle approach to assessing sustainable, healthy & socially acceptable diets
Assessment type: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of greenhouse gas emissions in the food chain
Author(s): Veeramani, A.
Year: 2015
Synopsis: This exploratory study assesses the environmental impact of seven dietary patterns and investigates the role of nutrition and dietary guidelines in evaluating the sustainability of diets. Food baskets representing each dietary pattern were formed based on data obtained from a dietary recall survey. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), greenhouse gas emissions were estimated from farm operations, processing, distribution and household processes associated with current food consumption.
Gleaning in the 21st Century: Urban Food Recovery and Community Food Security in Ontario, Canada
Assessment type: Case studies of motivations of Ontario gleaning groups
Author(s): Marshman, J.
Year: 2015
Synopsis: This study explores the motivations of the volunteers who make up today's gleaners, who harvest food from where it is grown that would otherwise go to waste. In five case studies of Ontario gleaning groups, including 16 semi-structured interviews and an online survey with 14 volunteers, group leaders and urban farmers, three top motivators emerged: 1) concerns about food waste, 2) community building and support, and 3) free food.
St. Paul's GreenHouse Campus Food System Project: A Student-Focused Marketing Strategy on Local Food
Assessment type: Report of student attitudes and barriers to local food acquisition
Author(s): Chen, C.; Chen, J.; Lei, L.; Ding, Y. and Qian, Y.
Year: 2014
Synopsis: St. Paul'sGreenHouse and Meal Exchange work together with Meal Exchange on the Ontario Campus Food Systems Project to build students' engagement for more local and sustainable food systems at UW. The report was commissioned to examine students’ attitudes towards local food in order to identify the barriers to the adoption of local food and to inform them about future marketing campaigns to increase the acquisition and sustainable consumption of local food on campus. Research included a baseline survey and a case review. Based on research findings, an integrated marketing strategy was developed and recommendations were discussed.
The Structures and Practices of Collaboration among Environmental Organizations in Waterloo Region
Assessment type: Examination of the effectiveness of collaboration among Waterloo Region’s environmental organizations
Author(s): Munger, Felix P.
Year: 2014
Synopsis: This study focuses on networking and collaboration among environmental organizations in Waterloo Region and examines the effectiveness of collaboration practices using social network analysis and semi-structured focus groups and interviews. The main objectives are to: (1) Empirically study networking and collaboration among environmental organizations in Waterloo Region; (2) Contribute to theory and practice development by examining definitions, values, and practices of organizational collaborations by local practitioners; and (3) Investigate the usefulness of social network analysis as a process tool to improve collaboration. Study findings demonstrate that: (A) the majority of environmental organizations in Waterloo Region are well networked, collaborate broadly, and show a high level of cohesion; (B) environmental organizations in Waterloo Region share similar definitions of collaboration, and tend to apply many of the tasks and steps identified in the literature as good/emerging practice; and (C) social network analysis as a process tool is perceived as useful when assessing and developing organizational collaboration.
Leveraging Waterloo Region’s Alternative Food Sector: The need for economic development support
Assessment type: Waterloo Region case study of Economic Development Officials
Author(s): Ross, S.
Year: 2014
Synopsis: An extensive case study of Waterloo Region’s economic development officials (EDOs) and local food sector found minimal awareness of the unique dynamics of this growing industry segment and the economic opportunities it presents, particularly amongst urban EDOs. Although agriculture remains a central component of the Region’s rural economies, the lack of a robust forum for comprehensive regional economic development discussion has prevented economic developers from leveraging existing leadership and potential inter-municipal synergies.
Food Wastage of Waterloo Region, Ontario
Assessment type: Mechanisms and solutions to food waste in Canada
Author(s): Helena, I. & Schoeder, U.
Year: 2014
Synopsis: This paper discusses food waste in Canada, exploring the mechanisms that increase food waste in order to formulate an understanding of how to create solutions. Food wastage has direct and indirect environmental impacts ranging from unnecessary waste of inputs to produce food to food waste disposal. To create targeted food waste reduction strategies, better understandings of the drivers of food waste levels in Canada must be first established. This study uses online surveys, case study household food wastage collections, and case study interviews to do just that. This study confirms many of the findings from other food waste research, but also emphasizes the role of food environments (e.g. retail environments and access to grocery stores) and environmental triggers (e.g. time constraints) in household food wastage. These findings highlight the complexity of the issue of food wastage, and the need for strategies that go beyond targeting household behaviours.
Regional Economic Development and Alternative Food Network Governance: A Waterloo Region Case Study
Assessment type: Waterloo Region case study on economic development and alternative food industry
Author(s): Ross, S.
Year: 2014
Synopsis: This paper explores how local, organic, and artisanal foods are all manifestations as a growing, alternative segment of the food industry, and the implications of this in the field of economic development through a case study of the Waterloo Region. Through key informant interviews and social network analysis, this research suggests that food governance capacity in the Region’s civil society is limited due to a lack of engagement on the part of economic development practitioners. Without this engagement, regional stakeholders are constrained in their efforts to encourage alternative food development and capitalize on associated economic development opportunities within the Region.
Addressing Barriers to Urban Agriculture in Waterloo Region
Assessment type: Policy and bylaw review regarding urban agriculture
Author(s): Marshman, J.
Year: 2013
Synopsis: This thesis reviews existing policies and bylaws in Waterloo Region and offers a comparison of these with bylaws in Vancouver, BC, where urban agriculture (UA) has been a key policy priority. A survey of 48 residents indicates that Waterloo Region continues to support UA stewardship, but more resources and policies could be put in place to continue this momentum. While efforts aimed at improving and increasing community gardens in the region have been successful, an UA action plan is needed to help promote and support UA at the household level throughout the region.
"Making Something out of Nothing": Food Literacy among Youth, Young pregnant women and young parents who are at Risk for Poor Health
Assessment type: Analysis of food skills and literacy in young people
Author(s): Desjardins, E.
Year: 2013
Synopsis: This study utilized a strength-based (or assets based) approach. Food deskilling in the general population is an identified impediment to healthy eating as it creates reliance on unhealthy convenience foods and it exacerbates the strain of limited food budgets. For the two identified target groups (teens aged 16-19 years, and young parents and pregnant women aged 16-25 years), this project aimed to (1) explore the meanings of food skills and develop a working definition; (2) identify the barriers and facilitators to food skills acquisition and practice; and (3) use the findings to inform programs and policies that could improve healthy food preparation among young people at risk for poor health. Analysis showed that food skills, meanings and practices among the young people in the study encompassed not only technical ability and knowledge for preparing food, but also the mental health components of confidence, social connectedness and resilience. The study identified four external and environmental determinants that influence the ability to develop and action on food literacy, and provides related recommendations to overcome challenges to acquiring food literacy.
Investigating the Role of Food Charters in the Canadian Food Justice Movement: A Case Study of Waterloo, Ontario
Assessment type: Waterloo, ON case study on role of food charters in food justice movement
Author(s): Metzger, M.
Year: 2013
Synopsis: This paper considers the role of the food charter in the grassroots movement of food system reform, using the Waterloo Region Food Charter as a case study. It suggests that food charters play multiple roles in the food justice movement: providing a unified vision; promoting awareness of food issues; enabling further activities of the food justice movement; enabling further policy developments and political support for food justice initiatives; and promoting broader systemic changes to the food system.
Informal Economies: Feeding Ourselves in Kitchener-Waterloo. Beyond Regulated Economic Food Systems
Assessment type: How informal economies interact and contribute to resilient food systems in Kitchener-Waterloo
Author(s): Cann, H.
Year: 2012
Synopsis: Neoclassical economics and formal monetary systems persist as dominant forms of social organizing. However, the notion that formal structures are not meeting peoples' needs has become increasingly widespread in the public consciousness. Through relevant literature reviews and conversations with Kitchener-Waterloo residents, this report presents informal economic food systems as alternative sites for building community resiliency.
Is Local More Expensive? Challenging Perceptions of Price and Investigating Availability in Local Food Systems
Assessment type: Examination of prices and availability in the local food system
Author(s): Donaher, E.
Year: 2012
Synopsis: This research examines price and availability in the local food system to 1) identify whether the perception that local is more expensive is justified and 2) explore opportunities for improving access to local food. Using a quantitative analysis of produce sold in Waterloo Region, the study shows that the relationships between value-laden qualities such as local and organic and the tangible factors of price and availability are complex and present both challenges and opportunities for food system development.
The Fight for Food Choice Freedom: Moving Toward a Regulatory Framework for Unpasteurized Milk in Canada
Assessment type: Technical guidelines for safe, clean production and distribution
Author(s): Gottvald, B.
Year: 2012
Synopsis: Unpasteurized milk is in Canada's legal limbo; it is legal to consume it, but illegal to sell or distribute. If unpasteurized milk is to be legalized, Canada needs a regulatory framework with technical guidelines to ensure that production and distribution is safe and clean. This paper attempts to provide those technical guidelines and describes the reasons for them.
Cultivating Community: Connecting community gardens and crime prevention
Assessment type: Study on community gardens used as crime prevention
Author(s): Herod, M.
Year: 2012
Synopsis: This research investigates the role of community gardens within a neighbourhood as a crime prevention mechanism. Through document analysis and key informant interviews, this study demonstrates that community gardens foster a sense of community, empower individuals and physically beautify vacant areas that might otherwise act as sources for illicit behaviour, therefore, decreasing crime in disadvantaged communities and creating healthier and safer places to live.
Barriers to the Use of Emergency Food Programs by Low Income Populations in Waterloo Region
Assessment type: Barriers of current emergency food systems to low income residents
Author(s): Brennan, C.; Herod, M. and Swanson, D.
Year: 2011
Synopsis: This paper analyzes the barriers to citizens with low incomes using Waterloo Region's current emergency food systems such as soup kitchens and food banks. It surmises that barriers such as social stigmatization, lack of awareness and education of the programs, transportation issues and eligibility restrictions all play a major role in limiting the positive effects that emergency food systems have on the lives of those that need them. The Waterloo Region food system as a whole could benefit from reducing these barriers and promoting cohesion for all aspects of the system, including those designed for low-income populations.
Perspectives of Alternative Food Consumers in Kitchener-Waterloo
Assessment type: Examining primary data of the perspectives of Alternative Food Consumers in Kitchener-Waterloo
Author(s): Bishop, E.; Van Huis, R. and Goetz, Z.
Year: 2011
Synopsis: This report examines the perspectives of alternative food consumers in the Kitchener-Waterloo area through primary data collection. This paper specifically addresses what the terms "organic," vs. "natural," vs. "local" mean to the alternative food consumer, their thoughts on the mainstreaming of organically-grown foods, as well as the underlying factors that motivate consumers to purchase organics within this region.
Urban Livestock: Barriers and Opportunities Faced by Homesteaders in the City of Waterloo
Assessment type: Consolidation of barriers to urban livestock rearing in Waterloo Region
Author(s): Cann, H.; Lenton, D.; Mader, C. and van Overbeeke, J.
Year: 2011
Synopsis: This paper explores the opportunities and barriers associated with urban livestock rearing. The paper draws on experiences from elsewhere as well as Waterloo Region, and examines barriers including cost, sanitation, and legal issues, as well as misconceptions and fears.
Mainstreaming "Local": Potential of Integrating Local Food into Supermarket Chains in the Kitchener-Waterloo Region
Assessment type: Survey with local producers and stores on challenges of mainstreaming local food in the food chain
Author(s): Chiu, J.; Graham, A. and Chen, D.
Year: 2011
Synopsis: Through semi-structured interviews with local producers and independent grocery stores, this paper examines the challenges and opportunities for food retailers in Waterloo Region to sell more local food. With their centralized distribution structures, it is difficult for supermarket chains to integrate local foods. Local producers often have smaller capacities, and the distribution centers are designed to work more efficiently with fewer, larger shipments of produce, rather than many, smaller shipments. We argue that the integration of local food, with its numerous benefits for local farmers, grocers, and customers alike, is a more viable opportunity for smaller-scale grocery stores.
'X' Marks the Spot: Mapping the Way to Improved Farm Connectivity in Waterloo Region
Assessment type: Analysis on effectiveness of Foodlink Waterloo Region Buy Local! Buy Fresh! Map on producer-consumer connectivity
Author(s): Damini, T., Tadgell, A. and Blake, K.
Year: 2011
Synopsis: There is no up-to-date research on the application of a mapping approach and its effect on direct farm sales and a sense of community within a local food network. This study assesses how the Foodlink Waterloo Region Buy Local! Buy Fresh! Map has impacted farmers' perception of connectivity to consumers as well as fellow producers, and whether the Map achieves its intended purpose.
The Diggable Communities Collaborative: The power of partnership in strengthening community gardens in the Region of Waterloo
Assessment type: Community partnerships potential for strengthening community gardens in Waterloo Region
Author(s): Ha-yon Jung, J.; Keys, C. and McCarthy, K.
Year: 2011
Synopsis: This paper addresses the various accomplishments and functions of the Diggable Communities Collaborative (DCC) in relation to community food security. DCC is a partnership between Opportunities Waterloo Region, Region of Waterloo Public Health and the Community Garden Council of Waterloo Region that seeks to create new community gardens and to strengthen existing ones.
Stakeholder Perceptions of Community Supported Agriculture in the Waterloo Region
Assessment type: Surveys on stakeholder perceptions on CSAs in Waterloo Region
Author(s): Sonego, S.; Dierx, N. and Ding, E.
Year: 2011
Synopsis: An investigation of CSA member and operator values, and regional innovation in Community Supported Agriculture within the Waterloo Region. Based on interviews and survey responses, the study found that operators were interested in the economic, environmental, and social benefits of the program, while consumers were interested in supporting local agriculture and receiving fresh, local produce. In light of challenges inherent to the global food system (soil health, food security etc.), Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), as an alternative food market, has shown that it can be part of a viable alternative system. CSA is predicated on a closer relationship between farmer and consumer, thus facilitating an understanding of stakeholder perceptions holds value to all parties. In addition, the regional focus of this report holds value in examining regional innovation in the CSA model, which may be useful to practitioners elsewhere. Research was conducted through interviews of operators and consumers, as well as by analyzing consumer survey results. Results indicated that. The values of stakeholders participating in CSA programs (CSAs) in Waterloo Region do not differ substantially from those found in global literature. Research revealed several regional advantages including close proximity of farmland to urban centres, and a network of support between farmers.
How should a Food Charter be specified for the University of Waterloo?
Assessment type: Translating Food Charter principles into the context of University of Waterloo
Author(s): Vistoli, J.
Year: 2011
Synopsis: This project establishes background information on food charters and brings forth some of their benefits and potential drawbacks through key informant interviews. A case study was conducted to outline possible charter principles for the University of Waterloo. Food Charter principles from other ratified documents and those discerned specifically for the University are tested with a sustainability criteria to ensure their adherence to a known outline of sustainability. A draft charter for the University of Waterloo was created as a result, with recommendations it be put through a stakeholder consultation process to remain a democratic document.
Multi-Sectoral Perspectives on Regional Food Policy, Planning and Access to Food: A Case Study of Waterloo Region
Assessment type: Waterloo Region case study on food system policy and planning
Author(s): Wegener, J.
Year: 2011
Synopsis: There is increasing interest in linking food system policies and land use planning practices to healthier diets and healthier communities. Little is known about the process of regional food system policy-making or the impact of planning and policy decisions in shaping community food environments, including healthy retail opportunities. The Region of Waterloo’s (ROW) Regional Official Plan (ROP) was adopted in 2009 and includes a progressive commitment to support the regional food system through actions to facilitate access to healthy, local food.
Canadian Organic Growers: An Exploration of the Local & Organic Food System in Perth-Waterloo-Wellington
Assessment type: Interactions and patterns of local food actors
Author(s): Schumilas, T.
Year: 2011
Synopsis: This study explores the interactions and patterns of local food actors in the Perth-Waterloo-Wellington area of Ontario. This highlights interactions and transactions that are not counted in conventional work on value chains and markets, which are deeply based in trust relationships and entrepreneurship. The report concludes with recommendations to help the system further develop and expand without losing its authenticity.
Analyzing the Potential for Local Food in Convenience Stores in Waterloo, Ontario
Assessment type: Determining the feasibility of local food in convenience stores in Waterloo, ON
Author(s): Moore C. and Nicolardi, E.
Year: 2010
Synposis: The purpose of this paper is to determine the feasibility of selling local food in existing convenience/corner stores in the city of Waterloo. The research aims to identify the barriers surrounding this development within the food system and to recommend how convenience stores can be integrated into the emerging local food system through a literature review and key informant interviews. A set of recommendations highlights possible ways to overcome barriers to local food being sold in convenience stores, such as processing infrastructure gaps, economic restraints, emerging policy, and social trends. Further research should be done on this topic, as many issues still require more in-depth investigation. Interviews must be completed with local convenience stores and consumers, as they could not be conducted during this research due to time restraints.
It's not Just Food Sustainable Food Security for Immigrants: Barriers and Opportunities
Assessment type: Case study examining the food security gaps in the current food system in Waterloo Region
Author(s):Yousaf Khan.
Year: 2010
Synopsis: This paper acknowledges the importance of linking culture and religion in the food insecurity definition, which is especially relevant for Canada as a multicultural society. Food security criteria (physical and economic access to food, religious and cultural adequacy of food and the food system's environmental and social effects) were applied to a case study in Waterloo Region by examining regional policies and initiatives to address food insecurity. This analysis of the case study findings reveals that in most cases the current food system of Waterloo Region is largely industrial and contains major gaps in fulfilling the criteria of access, sustainability, social justice, and cultural and spiritual attitudes. Finally, this study recommends broader multicultural policy at the regional government level to include the issues of immigrants.
The Waterloo Region Food System Roundtable: The Next Steps and Best Practices for the Waterloo Region
Assessment type: Outlines best practices for the six food system priorities in Waterloo Region through case studies examination
Author(s): Stokes, J.; Gage, M.; Wisnicki, E.; Lombardo, S. and Mthombeni, N.
Year: 2010
Synopsis: There is a growing recognition that the current global food system is not meeting the needs of consumers at the local level. The Waterloo Region Food System Roundtable seeks to create a healthy food system for the region by focusing on six priority areas: food sovereignty, food policy, urban agriculture, local food system infrastructure, farm viability and access to healthy food. This paper profiles each of the priorities, using case studies and providing innovative ideas and “best practices” for the WRFSR to adopt. In addition, “next steps” in ensuring and promoting a sustainable food system in the Waterloo Region will be examined.
Compensating our Stewards: Paying Farmers for Ecosystem Services
Assessment type: Outline of shortfalls of the current agri-food system and how to address them with Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES) Programs
Author(s): Broadfoot, A. and Martin, B.
Year: 2010
Synopsis: This paper outlines the problems that face the current agri-food system, and the potential for Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES) Programs to address these issues. In order to examine this question, two local programs - Norfolk's Alternative Land Use Services Program and the Waterloo's Rural Water Quality Program - and additional international PES Programs are compared and contrasted.
Pilot Study for Mapping Food System Organizations in the Waterloo Region
Assessment type: Study on developing a method for profiling and mapping food system organizations in Waterloo Region
Author(s): Gautam, T. and Ballinger, F.
Year: 2010
Synopsis: The primary purpose of this research paper is to create a method of profiling and mapping the direct and indirect involvement of food system organizations within the Waterloo Region. This paper shall serve as a pilot study for the Roundtable where subsequent studies can elaborate on our methods to establish an efficient mapping system.
The Inclusion of Ethnic Produce in Waterloo Region Food System
Assessment type: Examining the current status and potential for inclusion of ethnic produce in the Waterloo Region food system
Author(s): Gunst, J.; Jaques, G.; Jurjens, B. and McDowell, T.
Year: 2010
Synopsis: The supply of 'ethnic vegetables' is not only a valuable resource for integration of new immigrants in Waterloo Region, but growing these vegetables locally is a potentially rewarding venture. This paper examines the current status of ethnic vegetables in the Kitchener-Waterloo food system, in terms of their consumer demand, production, distribution, and the challenges and benefits to having ethnic produce as part of the Waterloo Region food system.
Urban foraging
Assessment type: A map of wild food on the University of Waterloo campus and outline of the challenges and benefits of urban foraging
Author(s): McConnell, L. and Inthavong, B.
Year: 2010
Synopsis: With the threat of environmental change looming, it can be important for urban residents to find alternative sources of food. This paper develops a map of wild foods on the University of Waterloo campus and outlines possible barriers and benefits of urban foraging. This paper asks the question: "Is urban foraging a potential food source for university students?" The objectives of this question is to investigate the viability of urban foraging as an alternative food source for university students and to gain a better understanding of how urban foraging fits into the alternative food system. This is done through a literature review of other foraging initiatives and their implementation as well, with wild foods mapping.
Finding the relationship between designing of community gardens and issues of local economic development
Assessment type: Investigates the relationship between local economic development and the strengthening of community garden design
Author(s): Shabbir, M.
Year: 2010
Synposis: The purpose of this Major Research Paper is to identify features of physically and culturally accessible designs of community gardens and further determine how accessible design of community gardens enhances the productive capacity of the garden and its impact on local economic development of the neighborhood. In addition to a review of the literature on the subject, this research project investigates six community gardens, and includes the perceptions of community garden coordinators regarding the features of accessible designs. Methods used to collect data include semi-structured interviews, observations and review of documents and archives. Following the description of case studies and coding of the perceptions of garden coordinators, results have been compared and contrasted with the literature review. Analysis of data leads this MRP to outline suggestions for designing accessible community gardens inclusive of all in the community. In conclusion, this MRP identifies perceived features of community garden design that enhance physical and cultural accessibility, and proposes that they are interlinked. Furthermore, the perceived features of physically and culturally accessible community garden designs that may also impact food production positively were identified. Overall, this research adds insights to previous studies of accessible community gardens by emphasizing the features of accessible garden design.
Sustainable Foodscapes: Obtaining Food within Resilient Communities
Assessment type: Literature review and case study
Author(s): Meaghan King
Year: 2009
Synopsis: This thesis examines the feasibility of fostering “sustainable foodscapes” in urban communities. A review of the literature on the topics of sustainability, resilience, sustainable food security, and healthy communities is used to determine the definition of “sustainable foodscapes.” This thesis uses a framework of socio-ecological restoration to consider how communities might adopt sustainable foodscapes. A case study was conducted in the city of Waterloo, Ontario to test the criteria of sustainable foodscapes and explore some of the practical opportunities and barriers to developing sustainable foodscapes in an urban community. The methods for the case study include semi-structured interviews. Interview results indicate that a variety of sustainable foodscapes such as community gardening, individual gardening, and foraging are used in Waterloo already, and survey results suggest that various members of the community are open to the adoption of these foodscapes. The case study results reveal that diverse community members view sustainable foodscapes as an important contribution to community health, less for the purpose of ecological sustainability than for their usefulness as a way of promoting community interaction, social learning, and fostering a sense of place. Ways to conduct a socio-ecological restoration of sustainable foodscapes in Waterloo could include increasing areas for the purposes of foraging to occur in an ecologically benign manner, such as on marginal or private land; creating municipal policies and Official Plans that provide support for community gardens, and fostering more accepting attitudes towards sustainable foodscapes by providing increased opportunities for education and participation among community members.
Agritecture: Woven Lea Farm
Assessment type: Thesis review of the relationship between agriculture and architecture on sustainable farm production
Author(s): Duynisveld, K.
Year: 2008
Synopsis: This thesis about sustainable agriculture and architecture reviews the agricultural community and looks at how architecture can influence sustainable agriculture for peak oil farm production. It's a look at the food system from a different point of view of the producers. The thesis is organized into three major chapters relating to the three major areas of research; architecture precedents, context, and farming approaches, along with a design chapter. The design presents the agricultural environment and a critique of available practices. The design is a holistic approach, including energy cycles, animal and landscape management, and passive building systems. This thesis is not only a design solution but can be used as a reference for many potential practices and creative problem solving methodologies available to farmers.