| ls |
list all files in a directory |
| lc |
list all files and shows files and directories seperately; this is especially useful as Unix files don't always have extensions as in Windows, and it might be hard to other differentiate between files and directories |
| ls -a |
list files, including .xxx (configuration) files |
| ls -t |
list files by time last modified, most recent first |
| ls -alt |
list all files in long format, sorted by time last modified and with more informative information such as file permissions and date last modified |
| Ls -ch* |
list files whose names start with ch (can look for any expession or characters) |
| cd directory name |
move to the specified directory; cd .. moves to the directory directly above your last one |
| pwd |
report the directory you are currently in |
| mkdir new directory name |
make a directory |
| cd directory |
change directory |
| rmdir directory |
remove directory |
| cp -r directory1 directory2 |
copies directory1 and everything in it to directory2 |
| du |
outputs number of kilobytes used by each subdirectory (useful in deciding which files to delete) |
| quota -v |
checks allocated amount of disk space and how much has been used up to date |
| df |
checks space left on file system |
| rm filename |
delete a file |
| mv file1 file2 |
rename or move file1 to file2 |
| cp file1 file2 |
copy file1 to file2 |
| wc -w filename |
counts the number of words in a file named filename |
| grep keyword filename |
searches through a text file for a keyword or an expression |
| spell filename |
check spelling of file |
