ECE 730 topic 18 - Winter 2014

ECE 730 topic 18 / NE 479 - Organic Electronics

Instructor

Professor Hany Aziz
Office: E3 3141. Office hours: by appointment (via email)
email: h2aziz@uwaterloo.ca (Do not use LEARN email to reach the instructor)

TA

Qi Wang
Office: E3 3140.
Office hours: by appointment (via email)
email: q45wang@uwaterloo.ca

Lectures

Mondays and Fridays from 10:00am-11:20am in QNC-2502

Description

The course gives an overview of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. It begins with a review of electronic structure of single organic molecules as a guide to the electronic behaviour of organic aggregates. Various relevant material phenomena are reviewed; including topics from photophysics (absorption and emission of light, excited states, radiative and non-radiative transitions), intermolecular charge transport mechanisms (hopping, disorder), charge injection and transport models, and energy transfer processes. Their applications in light emitting devices, solar cells, thin film transistors, photodetector and imaging photoreceptors, etc. are discussed. Aspects related to device fabrication and patterning may also be addressed.

Course/teaching objectives

This course will help students with no or limited prior background in the field to:

• Acquire a general background in the field of organic electronics and optoelectronics, basic theory, applications, challenges, recent developments, etc.
• Know and understand relevant fundamental scientific theory (qualitatively), and its relationship to organic semiconductor material and device design concepts.
• Become familiar with relevant terminology, and be able to read and understand scientific literature in the field, and to conduct a literature review on certain relevant research topics

Syllabus

1. Introduction to OLEDs:

   OLED Operation Mechanism, injection, transport and emission of light. Organic heteojunction. General comparison of inorganic versus organic devices

2. Electronic Structure of Organic Molecules

   Electronic structure of atoms, Atomic and Molecular Orbitals, LCAO, Bonding and antibondig orbitals, Orbital hybridization, HOMO and LUMO levels, Conjugated Molecules

3. Photophysics of Organic Molecules

   Excited states: (Absorption and emission, Singlet and triplet states), Rates of electronic transitions, Transition moment, Frank Condon Principle, Radiative and non-radiative transitions, Excited state kinetics

4. Exciton Processes in Organic Solids

   The Solid State: (Bonding, states of matter, amorphous & crystalline states), Excitons, Forester and Dexter energy transfer, Exciton quenching processes

5. Electronic Conduction in Organic Solids

   Conductivity: (carrier concentration versus mobility), Carrier generation, Hopping transport, Mobility measurements, Traps.

6. Aspects of OLED Physics and Technology

   Charge injection from metal contacts, Charge transport and device characteristics, Exciton formation and luminescence, Stability and aging, Contrast, RGP patterning approaches.

7. Organic Light Harvesting Devices

   Photoreceptor Devices, Photodetector Devices, Photovoltaic Devices: General background, device operation mechanism and characteristics, important phenomena, current challenges, recent developments

8. Organic Electronic Materials and Organic TFTs

   Small molecule and polymer materials for OEs. Hole and electron transport. Molecular design rules for mobility and chemical stability. OTFT operation mechanism and characteristics, important phenomena, challenges, recent developments

9. Selected Topics in Organic Electronics

   Quantum-dot OLEDs, Conducting polymers, etc.

Textbook

No textbook required. Lecture notes and handouts will be provided.

General references

• “Electronic Processes of Organic Crystals and Polymers” , Pope & Swenberg, Oxford University press, 2nd edition (1999).
• “Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry” , Gilbert & Baggott, CRC Press, 1991.
• “Organic Semiconductors” H. Meier, Verlag Chemie GmbH, 1974
• “Physics of Organic Semiconductors” Wolfgang Brütting, John Wiley & Sons Canada; 1 edition (2005)
• “Organic Electronics: Materials, Manufacturing, and Applications” , Hagen Klauk, John Wiley & Sons; 1st edition (2006)
• “Electrical transport in solids : with particular reference to organic semiconductors”, Kao, Pergamon Press; 1st edition (1981).

Marking scheme

Different marking schemes will be used for ECE730T18 and NE479.

ECE730T18:

• 20% Midterm Exam.

  The exam will be approximately 60 minutes long and will be held during regular lecture time on Friday, Feb 14, 2014.

• 5% Reading Assignments.

  2-4 research papers will be assigned by the instructor for reading. Each student will answer some questions about material in these papers by filling fill out a Q&A-style Reading Review Sheet. The sheets will be filled out during lecture time on Friday, March 28, 2014.

• 30% Project

  Students will conduct a literature review on a certain relevant topic of a fundamental scientific nature. The outcome of the review will be delivered as an oral presentation and a written report. See below for more details.

• 45% Final Written Exam.

  The Final Exam will be 90-150 minutes long (to be decided later) and will be held during UW regular final exam period, at a time and a place to be determined by the university.

NE479:

• 20% Midterm Exam.

  The exam will be approximately 60 minutes long and will be held during the regular lecture time on Friday, Feb 14, 2014.

• 5% Reading Assignments.

  2-4 research papers will be assigned by the instructor for reading. Each student will answer some questions about material in these papers by filling fill out a Q&A-style Reading Review Sheet. The sheets will be filled out during lecture time on Friday, March 28, 2014.

• 30% Project

  Students will conduct a literature review on a certain relevant topic of a technological nature. The outcome of the review will be delivered as a written report, and optionally also as an oral presentation if time permits. See below for more details.

• 45% Final Written Exam.

  The Final Exam will be 90-150 minutes long (to be decided later) and will be held during UW regular final exam period, at a time and a place to be determined by the university.

Course website

A course homepage is available on LEARN. It will contain copies of lecture slides and notes. The slides and notes will be uploaded weekly prior to each lecture. The site also contains a copy of this course overview sheet. It will also be uploaded with any important updates, etc.

Tentative schedule

A tentative schedule is shown below. The instructor reserves the right to change the outline and/or the schedule as needed.

Important notes:

• Lectures begin Monday, Jan 6th 2014.
• Lecture week 10: There will be no lecture on March 21 due to NE FYDP Symposium. ECE 730 topic 18 students will still show up at the regular lecture time to fill out the reading assignment review sheet(s).

ECE 730 topic 18 Project

General Scope

The project will comprise an in-depth, individually-conducted, research literature review on a topic of a fundamental scientific nature in the area of Organic Electronics. Some topic suggestions will be provided by the course instructor. Students may suggest their own topics subject to the approval of the instructor. The students will give a seminar and write a report on the topic, giving a general overview on the topic, a scientific focus, recent developments and advances. See the next section for more details.

Treatment of the Topic

The review can be conducted and presented based on the following elements:

1. INTRODUCTION: An introduction to the general field to which the topic is related: (history, advantages, disadvantages, material/device/technological applications, etc.)
2. SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL BACKGROUND: A scientific/technical treatment of the topic: a description of fundamental principles and/or phenomena, theoretical background,etc.
3. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: A highlight of recent publications, findings, results, etc. (from at least 5 research papers)
4. SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS: A summary of the key points and derived conclusions

Project Marking Scheme

• 8% (of course total grade) Presentation
• 22% (of course total grade) Written Report

Presentation

• This will be a 25 minute presentation followed by 5 min for Q&A. The presentations will be delivered during regular lecture time, and will be scheduled (tentatively) for weeks 11-12 of the term. The exact dates (and presentation length) will depend on the final number of students enrolled in the course and therefore will be confirmed later. A copy of presentation slides should be emailed to the instructor no later than 9:00 am on the day of your presentation.
• The presentation can be structured using the same elements outlined above in the “Treatment” section.
• The presentation will be marked for content (6 marks) and for demonstrating understanding of the subject as may become evident from the delivered material, Q&A period, etc. (2 marks).

Written Report

• A written report presenting the main findings of the literature search on the topic is due by 10:00 am on Monday, April 7th, 2014. Email an electronic copy (.pdf) to the instructor, and place a hard copy of the report in the instructor’s mail slot (ECE reception area in EIT),
• The report should include: (i) title page, (ii) abstract, (iii) main body, and (iv) references sections.
• The “abstract” should be no longer than 1 page (double spaced), and should concisely capture the main points of the report.
• The “main body” should typically be 15 double-spaced pages (excluding any figures and/or tables), font size 11, and includes sections using the same titles/subtitles as outlined above in the “Treatment” section.
• The “references” section should give full citation of all referenced work using American Institute of Physics format (e.g. format used in Journal of Applied Physics or Applied Physics Letters). A minimum of 7 scientific journal references is required.
• Report Marking Scheme: INTRODUCTION (3 marks), SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL BACKGROUND (4 marks), RECENT DEVELOPMENTS (5 marks), SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS (2 marks), and general presentation (3 marks). Note that the variety in the nature of the different topics will require customizing the marking scheme to make it more relevant to the individual topics. Therefore the actual marking scheme may differ from this one.

NE 479 PROJECT

General Scope

The project will be conducted by a work group of two students (typically) and will focus on an organic electronics-based technology, i.e. a technology where organic materials are being used in some capacity as semiconductors or conductors for electrons (e.g. electronic, optoelectronic or electromechanical activity). This technology can be a new material or device concept with improved or unique functionalities, a new product or area of application where organic electronic materials or devices are being or can be utilized, etc.). This technology can be an already known one or a new one that the group envisions. Students will conduct a review of related literature and will write a report to describe the technology, addressing the following elements:

1. an introduction to the technology (what it is, what it does, advantages, etc.);
2. a detailed description of the technical aspects of this technology (which materials to use and why, device configurations, general design considerations and constraints, etc.) and a description of the underlying scientific theory (e.g. device operation mechanism, etc.);
3. a competitive perspective describing the novelty aspects in the proposed technology versus alternatives (if any), strengths, barriers & limitations, and market outlook;
4. a survey of the main companies active in the area related to this technology and a brief description of each company’s technology, and similarities and differences from your proposed technology, and a survey of related patents;
5. a summary and conclusion.

Note: A short oral presentation may also be required, and will be decided by the instructor by week 3 of the term depending on the total number of students enrolled (hence the number of projects) and the feasibility of allocating time for presentations.

Treatment of the Topic

The review can be conducted and presented based along the following elements:

1. An introduction:

   A general overview of the technology, brief background, history, etc.

2. a scientific background of the technology:

   Outline and describe basic theory, material and/or device physics, general design considerations and constraints, etc. This information will typically be gathered from scientific papers (e.g. not Wikipedia)

3. a technology competitive perspective including strengths, barriers & limitations, and market outlook:

   Outline advantages and limitations versus alternative technologies, market potential and/or forecasts. This information can usually be “googled”.

4. a survey of the main companies active in this area and a brief description each company’s unique technology, competitive advantage and key company patents in this area:

   A brief survey of the main companies active in this area, the specific technology of each company (if disclosed publicly) and how it provides a competitive advantage versus other players in the same area of technology, an outline of the 1-3 most important company patents in this area. This information will usually be available on-line, including but not limited to information on the company’s own website, press releases, patent search engines, etc.

5. summary and conclusion:

   a summary of the key points and conclusions

Written Report

• A work-group written report presenting the main findings of the literature search on the topic by the group is due by 3:00 pm on Friday, April 4, 2014. Email an electronic copy (.pdf) to the TA, and place a hard copy of the report in NE.479 Drop Box in QNC-2603.
• The report should include: (i) title page, (ii) abstract, (iii) main body, and (iv) references sections.
• The “abstract” should be no longer than 1 page (double spaced), and should concisely capture the main points of the report.
• The “main body” should typically be around 15-25 double-spaced pages (excluding any figures and/or tables), font size 11, and includes sections covering the elements mentioned above.
• The “references” section should give full citation of all referenced work (including any on-line or internet resources). A minimum of 5 scientific journal papers is required.
• Report Marking Scheme: Section (i): 4 marks; Section (ii): 8 marks; Section (iii): 4 marks; Section (iv): 8 marks; Section (v): 3 marks; General presentation: 3 marks. Note the following:
  • A section here refers to the corresponding element in the “Treatment of the Topic” part above.
  • The variety in the nature of the different topics will require customizing the marking scheme to make it more relevant to the individual topics. Therefore the actual marking scheme may differ from this one.

Required inclusions

• Academic integrity: In order to maintain a culture of academic integrity, members of the University of Waterloo community are expected to promote honesty, trust, fairness, respect and responsibility.
• Grievance: A student who believes that a decision affecting some aspect of his/her university life has been unfair or unreasonable may have grounds for initiating a grievance. Read Policy 70, Student Petitions and Grievances, Section 4. When in doubt please be certain to contact the department’s administrative assistant who will provide further assistance.
• Discipline: A student is expected to know what constitutes academic integrity to avoid committing an academic offence, and to take responsibility for his/her actions. A student who is unsure whether an action constitutes an offence, or who needs help in learning how to avoid offences (e.g., plagiarism, cheating) or about “rules” for group work/collaboration should seek guidance from the course instructor, academic advisor, or the undergraduate Associate Dean. For information on categories of offences and types of penalties, students should refer to Policy 71, Student Discipline. For typical penalties check Guidelines for the Assessment of Penalties.
• Appeals: A decision made or penalty imposed under Policy 70 (Student Petitions and Grievances) (other than a petition) or Policy 71 (Student Discipline) may be appealed if there is a ground. A student who believes he/she has a ground for an appeal should refer to Policy 72 (Student Appeals).
• Note for students with disabilities: The AccessAbility Services, located in Needles Hall, Room 1132, collaborates with all academic departments to arrange appropriate accommodations for students with disabilities without compromising the academic integrity of the curriculum. If you require academic accommodations to lessen the impact of your disability, please register with the AccessAbility Services at the beginning of each academic term.