Chris Herdman, The University of Vermont
Entanglement of spatial bipartitions, used to explore lattice models in condensed matter physics, may be insufficient to fully describe itinerant quantum many-body systems in the continuum. In systems of itinerant particles, one can choose to bipartition into subsets of particles, and define a corresponding particle entanglement. The interplay between spatial and particle entanglement may give insight into the nature of quantum fluids, as well as the quantification of experimentally accessible entanglement. We introduce a procedure to measure the Rényi entanglement entropies of both spatial and particle bipartitions, with general applicability to continuum Hamiltonians via Path Integral Monte Carlo methods. Via direct simulations of interacting bosons in one spatial dimension, we confirm a logarithmic scaling of the single-particle entanglement entropy with the number of particles in the system. The coefficient of this logarithmic scaling increases with interaction strength, saturating to unity in the strongly interacting limit. Additionally, we show that the single-particle entanglement entropy is bounded by the condensate fraction, suggesting a practical route towards its measurement in future experiments.