Quantum Matters Seminar - Lessons from Dilute Antiferromagnetic Domains Towards a New Wave of Coherent X-ray Scattering Experiments
Speaker: Alex Frano, Assistant Professor at the University of California, San Diego
In the effort to explore quantum matter using x-rays, spatial coherence in x-ray beams is the new frontier, promising fresh insights across various spatiotemporal scales. Yet, fully capitalizing on beam coherence remains a challenge. This seminar introduces a novel approach: by restricting sampling to simple spatial structures, we can more easily track well-defined Fourier transforms. This technique is especially useful during the onset of first-order phase transitions, when antiferromagnetic domains begin to form.
Using resonant coherent X-ray scattering, we examine these domains in PrNiO3, revealing that sparse domains lead to simpler, invertible diffraction patterns. Building on this, we suggest re-engineering the beam's wavefront using zone plate optics. The outcome is a well-defined spatial footprint that can be Fourier-reconstructed to extract new details about spatiotemporal sample dynamics.
Our findings not only validate resonant Bragg coherent diffractive imaging but also pave the way for real-time studies using spatially structured x-rays, offering an exciting outlook for future probes of quantum materials.