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ABSTRACT: The increasing demand, cost escalation and environmental impact of raw materials for industrial chemicals, materials, and energy production impel the development of sustainable strategies for resource utilization. Such sustainable resource demand spurred investigation for the utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes and by-products. The emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy reduced most of the traditional uses of rendered animal meals such as blood meal, meat, and bone meal as animal feed, effectively making it an industrial waste.
ABSTRACT: While multiple types of smart, environmentally-responsive materials have been explored for a variety of biomedical applications (e.g. drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, etc.), their ultimate clinical use has been hampered by their lack of biologically-relevant degradation as well as challenges regarding their non-surgical administration to the body. These factors have particularly limited the clinical use of temperature-responsive hydrogels, which are either highly labile in diluting environments like the body (e.g.