ECE 664 - Fall 2015

ECE 664 - Power System Components and Modeling

Instructor

Claudio A. Cañizares
Office: EIT-4168 (Wednesdays 4:00-5:00 PM)
Phone: (519) 888-4567 extention 35355
e-mail: ccanizares@uwaterloo.ca
URL: www.power.uwaterloo.ca
Office hours: To be announced.

Lectures

To be announced; 3 hours, with a 20 minute break midway through.

Objectives

  • Learn in detail the basic structure, functional characteristics and protection schemes of the main components that make up a powers system, in particular generators, transformers, transmission lines, cables, loads, HVDC and FACTS controllers.
  • Understand the modeling and simulation of these components for detailed electromagnetic transients analyses, as well as phasor models for power flow and stability studies.

Course Content

Detailed description
Number of weeks Topics Sub-topics
3 Generation Plant
  • Generation supply and technologies.
  • Synchronous machine.
  • Dynamic models of generators for stability analysis:
    • Subtransient model.
    • Transient model.
    • Basic control models.
  • Steady state model.
  • Sequence (symmetrical component) models.
  • Generator-system dynamic behavior.
  • Overview of protections.
2 Transformers
  • Single phase:
    • Detailed model.
    • Phasor models.
  • Three phase:
    • Connections.
    • Models.
  • Sequence (symmetrical component) models.
  • Special Transformers:
    • Three-winding transformers.
    • Zig-zag transformers.
    • Autotransformers.
  • Saturation and inrush currents.
  • Controls:
    • Load tap changers(LTCs).
    • Phase shifters.
  • Overview of Protections.
2 Transmission Lines and Cables
  • Transmission Lines:
    • Single phase:
      • Distributed parameter model.
      • Phasor lumped model.
    • Three phase:
      • Distributed parameter model.
      • Reduced models.
    • Sequence(symmetrical components)models.
  • Underground cables.
  • Overview of protections.
1 Loads
  • RLC loads.
  • Induction motors:
    • Detailed model.
    • Phasor models.
  • Aggregate load models:
    • Impedance models.
    • Power models.
    • Induction motor power models.
  • Sequence (symmetrical components) models.
  • Overview of protections.
2 HVDC
  • Basic structure and operation.
  • Commutation.
  • Harmonics.
  • DC links.
  • Controls.
  • Fundamental frequency, reduced model.
  • Steady state model.
  • Faults and protections
2 FACTS
  • Shunt, series and phase-shifting compensation.
  • Thyristor Control:
    • Thyristor Controlled Reactor–Fixed capacitor (TCR-FC).
    • Static Var Compensator (SVC).
    • Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC).
    • Thyristor Controlled Voltage Regulator (TCVR) and Thyristor 
Controlled Phase Angle Regulator (TCPAR).
  • Voltage-Sourced Converters (VSC):
    • VSC operation.
    • Shunt Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM).
    • Series Static Synchronous Compensator (SSSC).
    • Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC).
    • Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC).
    • Convertible Static Compensator (CSC).
  • HVDC light.
  • D-FACTS:
    • DSTATCOM.
    • DSMES.

References

  1. J. Arrillaga and N. R. Watson, Computer Modeling of Electrical Power Systems, 2nd edition, John Wiley, 2001, ISBN 0-471-87249-0. (Simplified models of generators and HVDC.)
  2. N. G. Hingorani and L. Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, IEEE Press, 2000. (FACTS.)
  3. J. Arrillaga, High Voltage Direct Current Transmission, 2nd edition, IET, 1998. (HVDC.)
  4. Transmission and Distribution Reference Book, 5th edition, ABB, 1997. (Transformers and some protections.)
  5. Electromagnetic Transients Program Reference Manual (EMTP Theory Book), BPA, 1986. (Generators and transmission lines, and some transformer and load models.)
  6. P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, McGraw-Hill, 1994, ISBN 0-07-035958-X. (Generator models.)
  7. P. Anderson, Power System Protection, IEEE, 1998, ISBN 9780470545591. (Protections.)
  8. A. Gómez-Expósito, A. J. Conejo and C. A. Cañizares, Editors, Electric Energy Systems: Analysis and Operation, CRC Press, July 2008, ISBN 0849373654. (Simplified models of all elements.)
  9. C. A. Gross, Power System Analysis, 2nd edition, John Wiley, 1986. (Simplified models of lines and transformers.)
  10. Journal papers, technical reports and websites (available on-line).
  11. Course notes available at course website.

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of power systems and modeling is required. Some familiarity with MATLAB is desirable but not required.

Marking

Two projects are 25% of the final mark.
The midterm exam is 25% of the final mark.
The final exam is 50% of the final mark.

The midterm exam is a take home, individual test based on problems presented and discussed during lectures regarding the various topics discussed in class. Some problems might require the use of MATLAB.

The dates and times of the midterm and final exams are still to be determined.

Projects

  1. Detailed and phasor modeling and simulation of a generator using MATLAB.
  2. Detailed and phasor modeling and simulation of a transmission line and load using MATLAB.

Important Notes

  • Academic integrity: In order to maintain a culture of academic integrity, members of the University of Waterloo community are expected to promote honesty, trust, fairness, respect and responsibility.
  • Grievance: A student who believes that a decision affecting some aspect of his/her university life has been unfair or unreasonable may have grounds for initiating a grievance. Read Policy 70, Student Petitions and Grievances, Section 4. When in doubt please be certain to contact the department’s administrative assistant who will provide further assistance.
  • Discipline: A student is expected to know what constitutes academic integrity to avoid committing an academic offence, and to take responsibility for his/her actions. A student who is unsure whether an action constitutes an offence, or who needs help in learning how to avoid offences (e.g., plagiarism, cheating) or about “rules” for group work/collaboration should seek guidance from the course instructor, academic advisor, or the undergraduate Associate Dean. For information on categories of offences and types of penalties, students should refer to Policy 71, Student Discipline. For typical penalties check Guidelines for the Assessment of Penalties.
  • Appeals: A decision made or penalty imposed under Policy 70 (Student Petitions and Grievances) (other than a petition) or Policy 71 (Student Discipline) may be appealed if there is a ground. A student who believes he/she has a ground for an appeal should refer to Policy 72 (Student Appeals).
  • Note for students with disabilities: The AccessAbility Services, located in Needles Hall, Room 1132, collaborates with all academic departments to arrange appropriate accommodations for students with disabilities without compromising the academic integrity of the curriculum. If you require academic accommodations to lessen the impact of your disability, please register with the AccessAbility Services at the beginning of each academic term.