[underlined: Arguments for equality] If the franchise can rightfully be given only to those who are by education elightenment [i.e. enlightenment] + experience or natural wisdom, quali fied to make good use of it then the universal en- franchisement of men has been a very great mistake + we should return to the feudal system in vogue in France before the revolution + be governed by a self- appointed aristocracy . From a clipping in “Times” [horizontal line] If any woman can be found more intelligent than the most unintelligent
man who has this franchise then either she should be dis- enfranchised or he should be enfranchised [horizontal Line] See two clippings in books “Equality before the law” “Australian Parliament’s Testimony” [horizontal Line]
Where there are many more women then men thousands of the former are thrown on their own resources. Conditions in the economic world place women at such a disad- vantage. They must either accept insufficient wages appeal to public (or private) charity illicit illegal relations— [I fear?] women had been taken care of in the past they would never have demanded the vote. Lack of masculine protection + necessity for "bare necessary existence have driven women to appeal for equal politi- cal forum with men. The industrial worker
needs it to procure— living wage. The philan- thropic woman wants it to expedite laws for the economic rights of recog- nition of her less self- conscious sister—The especially gifted woman wants it to open a career for herself. [horizontal line]
notes from Economics + Industrial History By Henry W. Thurston [horizontal Line] [underlined: Page 49]- When W[underlined superscript: m] the conqueror Took census of population in 1086 about 90% of the one + one half million people were connected with agriculture upon the various manors [underlined: Page 47]- Since the conquest there have been 4 great periods of industry i.e. The Home or family period, the gild [i.e. guild] Period Domestic Period, Factory Period. [underlined: Page 58]- Probably 1[underlined superscript: st] transforming industry to enlist whole [1 word illegible] of separate class of men was that of weaving. [underlined: Page 60]- The Feudal System as a whole was based more upon the [Inserted above: idea of] exchange of services than of wealth.
[underlined: Page 62] - The labor factor in production was more important than the capital factor (during Home period). [underlined: Page 69] - After Black death occurred following changes - 1. Scarcity of workers caused wages to rise (often) 5% + both the Lords upon those manors where commutation of services had taken place + the villein who were obliged to furnish an extra man or two for the Lords of the manors where com- mutation of services had not taken place were at once affected thereby. 2. This great rise in wages caused employers to
[underlined: Page 66 con.] seek relief from Parlia- ment 3. Those Lords upon whose manors commutation had already taken place were freed either to collect larger payments from ten- nents [i.e. tenants] or give up tillage in old way & devote their do- mesue lands to pasturage of sheep (requiring fewer men then tillage or to rent their domesue to new tenant. [Underlined : Page 70] If domesue land were turned into sheep pas- tures tenants were often bought out + sometimes evicted. This was called "enclosure of the open fields" + resulted in partial depopulation of many manors. So the industrial life of
the old manors was broken up with such resultant hard feeling + actual suffering The general movement of servile classes for greater economic + social freedom took a violent form [double underlined: in 1381] in The Peasant’s Revolt or Wat Tyler’s Rebellion. Immediate result was failure + tennants [i.e. tenants] were often refused regrants + were cheated bullied + evicted Thus Forests grass lands open fields etc. held immemorially by tennants [i.e. tenants] turned into pastures for the Lord until at last Parliament interfered for unfortunate tennants [i.e. tenants] in last half 15[underlined superscript: th] + first half 16[underlined superscript: th] century
Page 76 - After several generations [inserted above: had failed] after Black Death the continual en- closures of large areas for sheep farms gradually made population too large. As a consequence great numbers of men women + children were turned from their homes to find work in Towns or to be- come homeless beggars or desperate robbers. [underlined: Page 98] - [underlined: Gild Period, i.e. Guild] The fundamental purposes of gild [i.e. guild] regulation were to secure good material + honest work- manship for the consumer + to secure good wages for the workman.
Page [crossed out: 94?] 80 The capitalist in a modern sense first appeared in England in connec- tion with sheep farming. [underlined: Page 82] - Before middle of 14[underlined superscript: th] century a labor class had come into existence in a sense of that [1 word illegible] which had never been true before. [underlined: Page 90] - Under Domestic System of Industry there were for the first time classes of artisans devoting themselves to making of goods not demanded by local needs. [underlined: Page 92] - in 1688 the agricultural classes 4,655,000 manufacture 240,000 commerce 240,000 [underlined: Page 155] Over 41% engaged in agriculture 700 yrs. after Doomsday survey.
[underlined: Page 156] Census returns of 1891 gains only 12.1% of all males over [21 crossed out] 10 yrs. [i.e. years] in England + Wales as engaged in agriculture + fishing. [underlined: Page 156] Whole period since conquest from English agri- culture point of view can be devided [i.e. divided] into 3 sub. periods 1. A period of universal open- field agriculture 2. A period when open-field system was partially surplan- ted [i.e. supplanted] by sheep pasturing + com- fortable husbandry in en- closed fields 3. Period when open-field sys- Tem entirely disappeared. [underlined: Page 168] Increasing population to cities in U.S. Means increasing dependency of pop- ulation as whole upon
for access to land (to [1 word illegible] or to producer) + time long gone by when majority of men [inserted above: enjoy] ownership of land even for home [underlined: Page 179] Production has more than kept pace with rise in wages so that wage earners get a decreasing fraction of the total value of the net product. [underlined: 195 Page] - Not in proportion to the absolute utilities of goods, but in proportion to their effective utilities, do men strive to attain them. [underlined: Page 219] Society + Man + Capital + Natural resources = utility [underlined: Page 262] The Trade union consists only of wage earners in the same occupation
page 262 Not only of one town but of many towns + has gained Political power but slowly while The Craft Gild [i.e. Guild] was made up of owners of land + capital managers + wage earners, was usually confined to to the industries of a single town + from the first members of gilds [i.e. guilds] were influential citizens of their towns and finally Became politically domi- nant [underlined: Page 269] Taxes are justi- fied because social beings cannot live together with out social consumption
How much social consumption there shall be is determined in a democratic country, by [triple underlined: The Voters]
[underlined: Quotations] Our Benevolent Feudalism by [underlined: W.J. Ghent] [underlined: Page 73] – The productivity of the laborer inceases – value of the product increases – the wages except in oc- casional instances decline or remain stationary. [horizontal line] [underlined: Page 111] – Tendency indicated by mass of decisions in cases rewarding damages for injury or death is growing disposition to make property paramount + life subordinate. [horizontal line]
[underlined: Page 123] These causes for acquiescence in existing social conditions - 1[underlined superscript: st] rage for individual ex- ploitation - Ambitious for wealth + success. 2[underlined superscript: nd] Telling of many social references of hopelessness of achievement 3[underlined superscript: rd] Continual output of pulpit, [sanctum?], forum college chair - [horizontal line] [underlined: Page 161] Industrial Mag - nates to prevent growth of public sentiment increased number of bourgeois in in- dustrial affairs — [underlined: Page] 163 - average citizen felt an onlooker in 1890 but
now through his small holdings he thinks feels + sees as a member of the [underlined: employing class.] [underlined: Page 194] Churches say discontent results from atheism colleges that it is ignorant + irrational newspapers that it is anarchy and stump orators that it is unpatriotic. [horizontal line]
Russian RW. [Awti?] was accused 1[underlined superscript: st] that it was a palace RW. to bring peace with Germany 2[underlined superscript: nd] accused that Germany was trust- ing RW to no separate peace agitation - for 2 reasons - internat ionalism -
Germany had first Peace movement 1914-90 [1 word illegible] [horizontal line] 1916 Another Peace Society organized Suffragists took an active part + Sent letters to France + England which were returned - Suffragists of splendid Metal - Labor action Socialists jailed Nov. 1915 - 10000 people demonstrated against
