Section 4a: Professionalism and confidentiality

Contents


image denoting professionalism
Professionalism is a set of attitudes, skills and behaviours, attributes and values that are expected from those whom society has extended the privilege of being considered a professional.

Students must take responsibility for acting professionally and demonstrate this in all interactions, behaviours and attitudes, in accordance with required standards.

All professionals have a collective professional duty to ensure appropriate professional behaviour, particularly in matters of privacy and confidentiality.

Consistent with University Policy 33 — Ethical Behaviour and University Policy 71 — Student Discipline, all professional activities and interactions must be characterized by honesty, integrity, conscientiousness, responsibility and reliability.

Recognizing that their involvement in the healthcare system may put them in positions of power with patients and clients, students must not take advantage of this position to advocate for their personal gain, values or beliefs.

Examples of expectations of professionalism

  • Appropriate professional and personal conduct (e.g., is punctual, notifies preceptor if unable to arrive on time)
  • Respect for colleagues and others (e.g., non-judgmental, displays openness to other's views)
  • Recognition of the importance of self-evaluation and lifelong learning (e.g., accepts responsibility and demonstrates accountability without repeated reminders, recognizes limitations and seeks help, goes beyond minimum expectations, shows desire to learn)

Please note: While baseline behaviours are cited explicitly, it is implicit that conduct consistent with a high level of professional behaviour is expected.

Students are expected to be familiar with and to adhere at all times to the policies, standards, guidelines and regulations set out within the following:

  1. Ontario College of Pharmacists (OCP) Code of Ethics
  2. OCP Professional Responsibility in Practice (PDF)
  3. Federal and provincial statutes and regulations
  4. Each patient care rotation practice site's corporate, institutional, department or practice documents pertaining to professionalism

Adherence to these standards is mandatory for students and will be assessed throughout each patient care rotation.

Students who anticipate problems in adhering to the policies as required must report promptly to the Experiential Coordinator or delegate.

At the 2-, 4- and 8-week evaluations (or the 4-, 8- and 16-week evaluations for 16-week rotations), the primary preceptor will assess professional behaviours by indicating "meets expectations" or "does not meet expectations" for each of the following expectations of professionalism:

  • Accepts responsibility and accountability for own actions and decisions
  • Is respectful and cooperative with colleagues and others
  • Acknowledges, accepts and applies constructive feedback 
  • Follows practice site policies and procedures (e.g., dresses in appropriate attire)
  • Is punctual and respectful of others' time

Professionalism will be evaluated as follows:

  1. When the cumulative number of unacceptable evaluations (i.e., "does not meet expectations" responses on the evaluation form) reaches 2, the process below for unacceptable behaviour shall be followed and the steps of progressive disciplinary approach (as outlined in the patient care rotation manual) will be initiated.
  2. When the cumulative number of unacceptable evaluations (i.e., "does not meet expectations" responses on the evaluation form) reaches 3, a second meeting is arranged, following the progressive disciplinary approach. In addition, an academic penalty, resulting in a 5% reduction in the course grade, will be assigned by the Experiential Coordinator.
  3. If the cumulative number of unacceptable evaluations (i.e., "does not meet expectations" responses on the evaluation form) reaches 4, or if repeated unacceptable behaviours have not been corrected, then a failing grade is assigned.

A failing grade would result in a delay of graduation, or dismissal from the program.

In addition, unacceptable professional behaviour may be reportable to and merit intervention by the Ontario College of Pharmacists,1 result in disciplinary action for breach of site (institution or practice) policy and/or prosecution, or a lawsuit for damages as a result of a contravention of the Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA).2

At the primary preceptor’s discretion, they may contact the Regional Clinical Coordinator to discuss the situation and any remedial action necessary.

A student who exhibits behaviours that do not meet the expectations of professionalism at any point throughout their rotation shall be subject to the progressive disciplinary approach outlined below.

The following outlined process will be followed if such unacceptable behaviour(s) are identified:

  1. The Regional Clinical Coordinator will meet with the preceptor and student to discuss the situation.
  2. The Regional Clinical Coordinator will contact the Experiential Coordinator.
  3. The Experiential Coordinator will review with the student and/or preceptor the situation and enact the progressive disciplinary approach as deemed appropriate.

Additionally, students are expected to behave professionally not only while on their rotations, but also in interactions with School of Pharmacy faculty and staff. At the discretion of the Eexperiential Coordinator, up to 10% can be deducted from the final mark if professional behaviour is not demonstrated.

Termination

If the student feels there is a threat to their personal safety or hardship while at the practice site, the student is contact the Regional Clinical Coordinator and/or Experiential Coordinator immediately. If leaving the practice is in the interest of personal safety, the student must contact Regional Clinical Coordinator and/or Experiential Coordinator as soon as possible. Failure to do so will result in academic consequences.

The practice site will notify the student, UWaterloo placement coordinator and/or the academic supervisor if anyone at the practice site has significant concerns, including but not limited to: absenteeism, performance issues, inappropriate interaction with clients and/or staff, and/or actions that could put the client or practice site at risk during an unpaid student placement. With respect to student performance or behavior during the placement, if the student does not address these concerns within seven (7) days of being notified about them, the practice site may terminate the student placement.
Notwithstanding the statement above, the practice site may terminate the student placement immediately and require the student to leave the facilities and grounds where student behavior or performance poses an immediate and significant threat to the care, treatment or safety of the practice site’s clients/patients.

Upon termination of the rotation, the Instructor will request that the preceptor completes a final assessment. If there is a completed midpoint assessment on record (termination occurs after Week 4), then the two assessments will form the basis of the final grade, minus professionalism deductions. If there is no midpoint available (termination occurs prior to Week 4), the completed assessment will stand alone as the basis for the final grade, minus professionalism deductions. The resulting grade percentage will be submitted to the Director of UG Affairs to be uploaded into Quest. Students may achieve greater than the passing grade of 70%, however professionalism must have been maintained throughout the rotation and practice hours must be equal to or greater than 320 to obtain credit for the course. Circumstances will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, recognizing that there is a high likelihood the student will be required to repeat the course.
 

The University of Waterloo privacy and confidentiality training must be completed before the start of the student’s patient care rotation.

Any digital devices used to facilitate patient care during patient care rotations must be properly encrypted to prevent unauthorized access.

Steps of progressive discipline

Step 1: Verbal warning — Cumulative number of unacceptable professionalism behaviours (i.e., "does not meet expectations" responses on the professionalism evaluation) reaches 2.

  • Student will be given a verbal warning regarding the undesirable behaviour or action.
  • Student will be given an explanation of when and how the behaviour or action took place. This will include the reason as to why the behaviour or action was unacceptable.
  • Student will be given an opportunity to explain the situation and their actions. This should be the student's opportunity to give their side of the story.
  • Student will be given a description of the desirable and/or acceptable behaviour or actions.
  • Student will be informed that further disciplinary action, up to and including a delay of graduation, or dismissal from the program, will follow if unacceptable behaviour continues.

For example, verbal warnings are given for the following reasons: Not showing up for an appointment or to placement site with no reasonable explanation and first incident of not following proper site policy and procedures.

Step 2: Written warning — Cumulative number of unacceptable professionalism behaviours (i.e., "does not meet expectations" responses on the professionalism evaluation) reaches 3.

  • Student will be given a written warning regarding their undesirable behaviour or action in the event that the behaviour or action had either been discussed in a previous verbal warning or the behaviour or action was considerably severe in nature.
  • Student will be given an explanation of when and how the undesirable behaviour or action took place. This will include the reason why the behaviour or action was unacceptable.
  • Student will be given an opportunity to explain the situation and their actions. This should be the student's opportunity to give their side of the story.
  • Student will be given a description of the desirable and/or acceptable behaviour or actions.
  • Student will be provided with a copy of the written warning and another will be placed in the student's file.
  • Student will sign the document as proof that they have received it.
  • Student will be informed that future disciplinary problems will be addressed with further progressive disciplinary actions up to and including a delay of graduation, or dismissal from the program.
  • The Associate Director, Clinical Education will be notified of this meeting and its outcome.
  • In addition, there will be an assignment of an academic penalty by the course coordinator or delegate.

For example, written warnings are given for the following reasons:

  • Inappropriate or rude interaction, such as a raised voice, sarcastic comments or impatience, with a colleague, patient or other healthcare professional
  • Repetitive lateness or absences with no reasonable explanation
  • An incident of verbal abuse to a patient, colleague or other healthcare professional
  • Repetitive lack of adherence to site policy and procedures

Step 3: If the cumulative number of unacceptable evaluations (i.e., "does not meet expectations" responses) reaches 4 then a failing grade is assigned.

  • Student will be given written documentation regarding their course grade and the undesirable behaviour or action leading to and justifying the assessment.
  • Documentation should include information on the offence and previous disciplinary communications with the student.
  • Student will be given a description of when and how the unacceptable behaviour or action took place. This will include the reason why the behaviour or action was unacceptable.
  • Student will be given a copy description of the desirable and/or acceptable behaviour or actions and notice and allegations will be put forward as outlined in University Policy 71 — Student Discipline.

Academic and non-academic offences as outlined in University Policy 33 — Ethical Behaviour will follow the disciplinary procedures outlined.

-----------------------------------

1 Mandatory Reporting: Regulated Health Professions Act, 1991 (PDF).
2 Government of Ontario, Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, S.O. 2004, c. 3, Schedule A.


Section 3: Process  |  Section 4b: Social media usage guidelines