Bernard R. Glick

Recipient of the 2010 CCUBC Career Achievement Award
Cross-appointed(Chemical Engineering)

Bachelor of Science (BSc) City College of New York, Master of Science (MSc), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Waterloo

Email: glick@uwaterloo.ca

Telephone: (519) 888-4567 ext. 32058

Office: Biology 2 356C

Research interests

Isolation, characterization and manipulation of microbial genes which encode products that are involved in the microbial stimulation of plant growth. Use of bacteria as biocontrol agents to control fungal diseases. Biochemical and physiological consequences of the genetic transformation of plant growth-promoting bacteria. Microbial phytohormone biosynthesis. Use of plant-microbial combinations to remediate contaminated soils. Ethylene modulated gene expression.

Selected publications

• Glick, B.R. 2014. Bacteria with ACC deaminase can promote plant growth and help to feed the world. Microbiol. Res. 169:30-39.

• Ali, S., Duan, J., Charles, T.C. and Glick, B.R. 2014. A bioinformatics approach to the determination of bacterial genes involved in endophytic behavior. J. Theor. Biol 343:193-198.

• Duca, D., Lorv, J., Patten, C.L., Rose, D. and Glick, B.R. 2014. Microbial indole-3-acetic acid and plant growth. Anton. Van Leeuwenhoek 106:85-125.

• Lorv, J., Rose, D.R. and Glick, B.R. 2014. Bacterial ice crystal controlling proteins. Scientifica vol. 2014, Article ID 976895, doi:10.1155/2014/976895.

• Yan, J., Campbell, J., Glick, B.R., Smith, M.D. and Liang, Y. 2014. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of chloroplast protein import components in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PLoS ONE 9 (4): e95088.

• Ali, S., Charles, T.C. and Glick, B.R. 2014. Amelioration of damages caused by high salinity stress by plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 80:160-167.

• Duca, D., Rose, D. and Glick, B.R. 2014. Characterization of a nitrilase and a nitrile hydratase from Pseudomonas sp. UW4 that converts indole-3-acetonitrile to produce indole-3-acetic acid. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:4640-4649.

• Nascimento, F.X., McConkey, B.J and Glick, B.R. 2014. New insights into ACC deaminase phylogeny, evolution and evolutionary significance. PLoS ONE, 9 (6): e99168.

• Kim, Y.-C., Glick, B.R., Bashan, Y., and Ryu, C.-M. 2013. Enhancement of plant drought tolerance by microbes. In: “Plant responses to drought stress: from morphological to molecular features”. Aroca, R (ed). pp. 383-413, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin.

• Nascimento, F.X., Vicente, C.S.L., Barbosa, P., Espada, M., Glick, B.R., Oliveira, S. and Mota, M. 2013. The use of the ACC deaminase producing bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4 as a biocontrol agent for pine wilt disease. Biocontrol 58:427-433.

• Jiang, W., Cheng, Z., McConkey, B. and Glick, B.R. 2013. Investigating the role of protein UnkG from the plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4 in the ability of the bacterium to facilitate plant growth. Curr. Microbiol. 66:331-336.

• Montero-Calasanz, M.C., Santamaría, C., Albareda, M., Daza, A., Duan, J., Glick, B.R. and Camacho, M. 2013. Rooting induction of semi-hardwood olive cuttings by several auxin-producing bacteria. Span. J. Agr. Res. 11:146-154.

• Li, J., McConkey, B.J., Cheng, Z., Guo, S. and Glick, B.R. 2013. Identification of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-responsive proteins in cucumber roots under hypoxic stress using a proteomic approach. J. Proteomics 84:119-131.

• Duan, J., Jiang, W., Cheng, Z., Heikkila, J.J. and Glick, B.R. 2013. The complete genome sequence of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4. PLoS ONE 8(3): e58640.

• Gepstein, S. and Glick, B.R. 2013. Strategies to ameliorate abiotic stress-induced plant senescence. Plant Molec. Biol. 82:623-633.

• Reed, M.L.E. and Glick, B.R. 2013. Applications of plant growth-promoting bacteria for plant and soil systems. In: “Applications of Microbial Engineering”. Gupta, V.K., Schmoll, M., Maki, M., Tuohy, M., and Mazutti, M.A. (eds.). pp. 181-229, Taylor and Francis, Enfield, Connecticut.

• Brígido, C., Nascimento, F., Duan, J., Glick, B.R. and Oliveira, S. 2013. Expression of an exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase gene in Mesorhizobium spp. reduces the negative effects of salt stress in chickpea. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 349:46-53.

• Ali, S., Charles, T.C. and Glick, B.R. 2012. Delay of carnation flower senescence by bacterial endophytes expressing ACC deaminase. J. Appl. Microbiol. 113:1139-1144.

• Vicente, C.S.L., Nascimento, F. Espada, M., Barbosa, P., Mota, M., Glick, B.R. and Oliveira, S. 2012. The role of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus associated bacteria in pine wilt disease. PLoS ONE 7 10:e46661.

• Glick, B.R. 2012. Plant growth-promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications, Scientifica vol. 2012, Article ID 963401, 15 pages. doi:10.6064/2012/963401.

• Nascimento, F., Brígido, C., Glick, B.R. and Oliveira, S. 2012. ACC deaminase genes are conserved between Mesorhizobium species able to nodulate the same host plant. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 336:26-37.

• Gamalero, E. and Glick, B.R. 2012. Ethylene and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In: “Environmental Adaptations and Stress Tolerance of Plants in the Era of Climate Change”. Eds. P. Ahmad and M.N.V. Prasad. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 395-412.
• Gamalero, E. and Glick, B.R. 2012. Plant growth-promoting bacteria and metal phytoremediation, In: Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants”. Eds. N.A. Anjum, M.E. Pereira, I. Ahmad, A.C. Duarte, S. Umar  and N.A. Khan Publishers: Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, pp. 359-374.
• Nascimento, F., Brigido,C., Alho, L., Glick, B.R. and Oliveira, S. 2012. Enhanced chickpea growth promotion ability of a mesorhizobia expressing an exogenous ACC deaminase gene. Plant Soil, 353:221-230.
• Rashid, S., Charles, T.C. and Glick, B.R. 2012. Isolation and characterization of new plant growth-promoting bacteral endophytes. Appl. Soil. Ecol., 61:217-224.
• Cheng, Z., Woody, O.Z., McConkey, B.J. and Glick, B.R. 2012. Combined effects of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4 and salinity stress on the Brassica napus proteome. Appl. Soil. Ecol., 61:255-263.

• Chernin, L. and Glick, B.R. 2012. The use of ACC deaminase to increase the tolerance of plants to various phytopathogens. In: Bacteria in Agrobiology: Stress Management (Maheshwari, D.K., ed.), pp. 279-299. 

  Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.
• Li, J., Sun, J., Yang, Y., Guo, S. and Glick, B.R. 2012. Identification of hypoxic-responsive proteins in cucumber using a proteomic approach. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 54: 74-80.

• Stearns, J.C., Woody, O.Z., McConkey, B.J. and Glick, B.R. 2012. Effects of bacterial ACC deaminase on Brassica napus gene expression measured with an Arabidopsis thaliana microarray. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact., 25: 668-676.

• Babalola, O. and Glick, B.R. 2012. The use of microbial inoculants in African agriculture: current practice and future prospects. J. Food Agric. Environ., 10:540-549.

• Nascimento, F.X., Brígido, C., Glick, B.R., Oliveira, S. and Alho, L. 2012. Mesorhizobium ciceri LMS-1 expressing an exogenous ACC deaminase increases its nodulation abilities and chickpea plant resistance to soil constraints. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 55:15-21.

• Hao, Y., Charles, T.C. and Glick, B.R. 2011. An ACC deaminase containing A. tumefaciens strain D3 shows biocontrol activity to crown gall disease. Can. J. Microbiol. 57: 278-286.
• Siddikee, M.A., Glick, B.R., Chauhan, P.S., Yim, W.-J. and Sa, T. 2011. Enhancement of growth and salt tolerance of red pepper seedlings (Capsicum annum L.) by regulating stress ethylene synthesis with halotolerant bacteria containing ACC deaminase activity. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 49: 427-434.
• Glick, B.R. and Stearns, J.C. 2011. Making phytoremediation work better: Maximizing a plant's growth potential in the midst of adversity. Internat. J. Phytorem. 13 (SI): 4-16 (2011).
• Cheng, Z., Woody, O.Z., Glick, B.R. and McConkey, B.J. 2010. Characterization of plant-bacterial interactions using proteomic approaches. Curr. Proteomics 7: 244-257.
• Gamalero, E., Berta, G., Massa, N., Glick, B.R., and Lingua, G. 2010. Interactions between Pseudomonas putida UW4 and Gigaspora rosea BEG9 and their consequences on the growth of cucumber under salt stress conditions. J. Appl. Microbiol., 108: 236-245.
• Hao, Y., Winans, S.C., Glick, B.R. and Charles, T.C. 2010. Functional metagenomics reveals novel quorum sensing systems. Environ. Microbiol. 12:105-117.
• Hao, Y., Charles, T.C. and Glick, B.R. 2010. ACC deaminase increases A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation frequency of commercial canola cultivars. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 307: 185-190.
• Glick, B.R. 2010. Using soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation. Biotechnol. Adv. 28: 367-374.
• Toklikishvili, N., Dandurishvili, N., Tediashvili, M., Giorgobiani, N., Szegedi, E., Glick, B.R., Vainstein, A. and Chernin, L. 2010. Inhibitory effect of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria on crown gall formation in tomato plants infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens or A. vitis. Plant Pathol. 59: 1023-1030.
• Cheng, Z., McConkey, B.J and Glick, B.R. 2010. Proteomic studies of plant-bacterial interactions. Soil Biol. Biochem.42: 1673-1684.
• Duan, J., Müller, K.M., Charles, T.C., Vesely, S. and Glick, B.R. 2009. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase genes in Rhizobia from southern Saskatchewan. Microb. Ecol. 57: 423-436.
• Cheng, Z., Woody, O.Z., Song, J., Glick, B.R. and McConkey, B.J. 2009. Proteome reference map for the plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4. Proteomics 9:1-4.
• Zheng, Z., Wei, Y.-Y.C., Sung, W.W.L., Glick, B.R. and McConkey, B.J. 2009. Proteomic analysis of the response of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4 to nickel stress. Proteome Sci., 7:18.
• Sun, Y., Cheng, Z. and Glick, B.R. 2009. The role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase in plant growth promotion by the endophytic bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 296:131-136.
• Cheng, Z., Duan, J., Hao, Y., McConkey, B.J. and Glick, B.R. 2009. Identification of bacterial proteins mediating the interaction between the plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4 and Brassica napus (canola). Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 22: 686-694.
• McDonnell, L., Plett, J.M., Kozela, C., Andersson-Gunnerås, S., Dugarden, J., Van der Straeten, D., Glick, B.R., Sundberg, B. and Regan, S.M. 2009. Ethylene levels are regulated by a plant encoded 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. Physiol. Plant. 136: 94-109.
• Gamalero, E., Berta, G. and Glick, B.R. 2009. Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and AM fungi on the response of plants to heavy metal stress. Can. J. Microbiol. 55: 501-514.
• Todorovic, B. and Glick, B.R. 2008. The interconversion of ACC deaminase and D-cysteine desulfhydrase by directed mutagenesis. Planta, 229: 193-205.
• Duan, J., Müller, K.M., Charles, T.C., Vesely, S. and Glick, B.R. 2008. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase genes in Rhizobia from southern Saskatchewan. Microb. Ecol., 57: 423-436.
• Rodriguez, H., Vesely, S., Shah, S. and Glick, B.R. 2008. Isolation and characterization of nickel resistant Pseudomonas strains and their effect on the growth of non-transformed and transgenic canola plants. Curr. Microbiol. 57:170-174.
• Gamalero, E., Berta, G., Massa, N., Glick, B.R., and Lingua, G. 2008. Synergistic interactions between the ACC deaminase-producing bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4 and the AM fungus Gigaspora rosea positively affect cucumber plant growth. FEMS Microbiol. 64: 459-467.
• Cheng, Z., Duncker, B.P., McConkey, B.J. and Glick, B.R. 2008. Transcriptional regulation of ACC deaminase gene expression in Pseudomonas putida UW4. Can. J. Microbiol. 54: 128-136.
• Hao, Y., Charles, T.C. and Glick, B.R. 2007. ACC deaminase from plant growth promoting bacteria affects crown gall development. Can. J. Microbiol. 53: 1291-1299.
• Glick, B.R., Todorovic, B., Czarny, J., Cheng, Z., Duan, J. and McConkey, B. 2007. Promotion of plant growth by bacterial ACC deaminase. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 26: 227-242.
• Cheng, Z., Park, E. and Glick, B.R. 2007. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase from Pseudomonas putida UW4 facilitates the growth of canola in the presence of salt. Can. J. Microbiol. 53: 912-918.
• Glick, B.R., Cheng, Z., Czarny, J. and Duan, J. 2007. Promotion of plant growth by ACC deaminase-containing soil bacteria. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 119: 329-339.
• Farwell, A.J., Vesely, S., Nero, V., McCormack, K., Rodriguez, H., Shah, S., Dixon, D.G. and Glick, B.R. 2007. Tolerance of transgenic canola (Brassica napus) amended with ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting bacteria to flooding stress at a metal-contaminated field site. Environ. Poll. 147: 540-545.
• Farwell, A.J., Vesely, S., Nero, V., Rodriguez, H., Shah, S., Dixon, D.G. and Glick, B.R. 2006. The use of transgenic canola (Brassica napus) and plant growth-promoting bacteria to enhance plant biomass at a nickel-contaminated field site. Plant Soil 288: 309-318.
• Sergeeva, E., Shah, S. and Glick, B.R. 2006. Tolerance of transgenic canola expressing a bacterial ACC deaminase gene to high concentrations of salt. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 22: 277-282.
• Hontzeas, N., Richardson, A.O., Belimov, A.A., Safranova, V.I., Abu-Omar, M.M. and Glick, B.R. 2005. Evidence for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ACC deaminase genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 7556-7558.
• Stearns, J.C., Shah, S., Dixon, D.G., Greenberg, B.M. and Glick, B.R. 2005. Tolerance of transgenic canola expressing 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid deaminase to growth inhibition by nickel. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 43: 701-708.
• Reed, M.L.E., Warner, B. and Glick, B.R. 2005. Plant growth-promoting bacteria facilitate the growth of the common reed Phragmites australis in the presence of copper or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Curr. Microbiol. 51: 425-429.
• Huang, X.-D., El-Alawai, Y., Gurska, J., Glick, B.R. and Greenberg, B.M. 2005. A multi-process phytoremediation system for decontamination of Persistent Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) from soils. Microchem. J. 81: 139-147.
• Li, Q., Saleh-Lakha, S. and Glick, B.R. 2005. The effect of native and ACC deaminase-containing Azospirillum brasilense Cd1843 on the rooting of carnation cuttings. Can. J. Microbiol. 51: 511-514.
• Glick, B.R. 2005. Modulation of plant ethylene levels by the enzyme ACC deaminase. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 251: 1-7.
• Reed, M.L.E and Glick, B.R. 2005. Growth of canola (Brassica napus) in the presence of plant growth-promoting bacteria and either copper or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Can. J. Microbiol. 51 : 1061-1069.
• Belimov, A.A., Hontzeas, N., Safronova, V.I., Demchinskaya, S.V., Piluzza, G., Bullitta, S. and Glick B.R. 2005. Cadmium-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria associated with the roots of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.). Soil Biol. Biochem. 37: 241-250.
• Sessitsch, A., Coenye, T., Sturz, A.V., Vandamme, P., Ait Barka, E., Wang-Pruski, G., Faure, D., Reiter, B., Glick, B.R. and Nowak, J. 2005. Burkholderia phytofirmins sp. Nov., a novel plant-associated bacterium with plant beneficial properties. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55: 1187-1192.
• Mayak, S., Tirosh, T. and Glick, B.R. 2004. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that confer resistance in tomato to salt stress. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 42: 565-572.
• Ma, W., Charles, T.C. and Glick, B.R. 2004. Expression of an exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase gene in Sinorhizobium meliloti increases its ability to nodulate alfalfa. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 5891-5897.
• Glick, B.R. 2004. Bacterial ACC deaminase and the alleviation of plant stress. Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 56: 291-312.
• Hontzeas, N., Zoidakis, J., Glick, B.R. and Abu-Omar, M.M. 2004. Expression and characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase from the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4: A key enzyme in bacterial plant growth promotion. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1703: 11-19.
• Hontzeas, N., Saleh, S.S. and Glick, B.R. 2004. Changes in gene expression in canola roots by ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting bacteria. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 17: 865-871.
• Reed, M.L.E. and Glick, B.R. 2004. Agricultural and environmental uses of plant growth-promoting bacteria. Anton. Van Leeuwenhoek 86: 1-25.
• Huang, X.-D., El-Alawi, Y., Penrose, D.M., Glick, B.R. and Greenberg, B.M. 2004. Multi-process phytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soils. Environ. Pollut. 130: 465-476.
• Huang, X.-D., El-Alawi, Y., Penrose, D.M., Glick, B.R. and Greenberg, B.M. 2004. Responses of plants to creosote during phytoremdiation and their significance for remediation processes. Environ. Pollut. 130: 453-463.
• VanLoon, L.C. and Glick, B.R. 2004. Increased plant fitness by rhizobacteria. In: Molecular Ecotoxicology of Plants. (Ed.) H. Sandermann, pp. 177-205, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• Mayak, S., Tirosh, T. and Glick, B.R. 2004. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that confer resistance to water stress in tomato and pepper. Plant Sci. 166: 525-530.
• Holguin, G. and Glick, B.R. 2003. Transformation of Azospirillum brasilense Cd with an ACC deaminase gene from Enterobacter cloacae UW4 fused to the Tetr gene promoter improves its fitness and plant growth promoting ability. Microb. Ecol. 46: 122-133.
• Stearns, J. and Glick, B.R. 2003. Transgenic plants with altered ethylene biosynthesis or perception. Biotechnol. Adv. 21: 193-210.
• Glick, B.R. 2003. Phytoremediation: Synergistic use of plants and bacteria to clean up the environment. Biotechnol. Adv. 21: 383-393.
• Penrose, D.M. and Glick, B.R. 2003. Methods for isolating and characterizing ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Physiol. Plant 118: 10-15.
• Ghosh, S., Penterman, J.N., Little R.D., Chavez, R. and Glick, B.R. 2003. Three newly isolated plant growth-promoting bacilli facilitate the growth of canola seedlings. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 41: 277-281.
• Ma, W., Sebestianova, S., Sebestian, J., Burd, G.I., Guinel, F. and Glick, B.R. 2003. Prevalence of 1-aminocyclopropaqne-1-carboxylate in deaminase in Rhizobia spp. Anton. Van Leeuwenhoek 83: 285-291.
• Ma, W., Guinel, F.C. and Glick, B.R. 2003. The Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae ACC deaminase protein promotes the nodulation of pea plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 4396-4402.
• Patten, C.L. and Glick, B.R. 2002. Regulation of indoleacetic acid production in Pseudomonas putida GR12-2 by tryptophan and the stationary phase sigma factor RpoS. Can. J. Microbiol. 48: 635-642.
• Patten, C.L. and Glick, B.R. 2002. The role of bacterial indoleacetic acid in the development of the host plant root system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 3795-3801.
• Nie, L., Shah, S., Burd, G.I., Dixon, D.G. and Glick, B.R. 2002. Phytoremediation of arsenate contaminated soil by transgenic canola and the plant growth-promoting bacterium Enterobacter cloacae CAL2. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 40: 355-361.
• Ma, W., Penrose, D.M. and Glick, B.R. 2002. Strategies used by rhizobia to lower plant ethylene levels and increase nodulation. Can. J. Microbiol. 48: 947-954.
• Li, J., Shah, S., Moffatt, B.A. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Isolation and characterization of an unusual ACC deaminase gene from Enterobacter cloacae UW4. Anton. Van Leeuwenhoek 80: 255-261.
• Robison, M.M. , Griffith, M., Pauls, K.P. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Dual role of ethylene in susceptibility of tomato to Verticillium wilt. J. Phytopathol. 149: 385-388.
• Robison, M.M., Shah, S., Tamot, B., Pauls, K.P., Moffatt, B.A. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Reduced symptoms of Verticillium wilt in transgenic tomato expressing a bacterial ACC deaminase. Molec. Plant Pathol. 2: 135-145.
• Mayak, S., Tirosh, T and Glick, B.R. 2001. Stimulation of growth by the plant growth-promoting bacterium Enterobacter cloacae CAL3. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 19: 261-274.
• Saleh, S.S. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Involvement of gacS and rpoS in transcriptional regulation of the plant growth-promoting bacteria Enterobacter cloacae CAL2 and UW4. Can. J. Microbiol. 47: 698-705.
• Penrose, D.M. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in exudates and extracts of canola seeds treated with plant growth-promoting bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 47: 368-372.
• Holguin, G. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Expression of the ACC deaminase gene from Enterobacter cloacae UW4 in Azospirillum brasilense. Microb. Ecol. 41: 281-288.
• Ma, W., Zalec, K. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Effects of the bioluminescence-labeling of the soil bacterium Kluyvera ascorbata SUD165/26. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 35: 137-144.
• Li, J. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Transcriptional regulation of the Enterobacter cloacae UW4 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase gene (acdS). Can. J. Microbiol. 47: 259-267.
• Penrose, D.M, Moffatt, B.A. and Glick, B.R. 2001 Determination of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to assess the effects of ACC deaminase-containing bacteria on roots of canola seedlings. Can. J. Microbiol. 47: 77-80.
• Grichko, V.P. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Amelioration of flooding stress by ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting bacteria. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 39: 11-17.
• Grichko, V.P. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Flooding tolerance of transgenic tomato plants expressing the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase controlled by the 35S, rolD or PRB-1b promoter. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 39: 19-25.
• Grichko, V.P. and Glick, B.R. 2001. Ethylene and flooding stress in plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 39: 1-9.
• Wang, C., Knill, E. Glick, B.R. and Défago, G. 2000. Effect of transferring 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase genes into Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 and its gacA derivative CHA96 on their growth-promoting and disease-suppressive capacities. Can. J. Microbiol. 46: 898-907.
• Grichko, V.P. and Glick, B.R. 2000. Identification of DNA sequences that regulate the expression of the Enterobacter cloacae UW4 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase gene. Can. J. Microbiol. 46: 1159-1165.
• Grichko, V.P., Filby, B. and Glick, B.R. 2000. Increased ability of transgenic plants expressing the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase to accumulate Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. J. Biotechnol. 81: 45-53.
• Li, J., Ovakim, D., Charles, T.C. and Glick, B.R. 2000. An ACC deaminase minus mutant of Enterobacter cloacae UW4 no longer promotes root elongation. Curr. Microbiol. 41: 101-105.
• Burd, G.I., Dixon, D.G. and Glick, B.R. 2000. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants. Can. J. Microbiol.46: 237-245.
• Mayak, S., Tirosh, T. and Glick, B.R. 1999. Effect of wild-type and mutant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the rooting of mung bean cuttings. J. Plant Growth Regulat. 18: 49-53.
• Holguin, G., Patten, C.L. and Glick, B.R. 1999. Genetics and molecular biology of Azospirillum. Biol. Fertil. Soil 29: 10-23.
• Burd, G.I., Dixon, D.G. and Glick, B.R. 1998. A plant growth promoting bacterium that decreases nickel toxicity in plant seedlings. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 3663-3668.
• Shah, S., Li, J., Moffatt, B.A. and Glick, B.R. 1998. Isolation and characterization of ACC deaminase genes from two different plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 44: 833-843.
• Glick, B.R., Penrose, D.M. and Li, J. 1998. A model for the lowering of plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth promoting bacteria. J. Theor. Biol. 190: 63-68.
• Glick, B.R. and Bashan, Y. 1997. Genetic manipulation of plant growth-promoting bacteria to enhance biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens. Biotechnol. Adv. 15: 353-378.
• Glick, B.R., Liu, C., Ghosh, S. and Dumbroff, E.B. 1997. The effect of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2 on the development of canola seedlings subjected to various stresses. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29: 1233-1239.
• Hall, J.A., Peirson, D., Ghosh, S. and Glick, B.R. 1996. Root elongation in various agronomic crops by the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2. Isr. J. Plant Sci. 44: 37-42.
• Xie, H. Pasternak, J.J. and Glick, B.R. 1996. Isolation and characterization of mutants of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2 that overproduce indoleacetic acid. Curr. Microbiol. 32: 67-71.
• Glick, B.R. 1995. Metabolic load and heterologous gene expression. Biotechnol. Adv., 13: 247-261.
• Glick, B.R., Karaturovíc, D. and Newell, P. 1995. A novel procedure for rapid isolation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 41: 533-536.
• Glick, B.R. 1995. The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 41: 109-117.
• Glick, B.R., Jacobson, C.B. Schwarze, M.M.K. and Pasternak, J.J. 1994. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid deaminase mutants of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2 do not stimulate canola root elongation. Can. J. Microbiol. 40: 911-915.
• Jacobson, C.B., Pasternak, J.J. and Glick, B.R. 1994. Partial purification and characterization of ACC deaminase from the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2. Can. J. Microbiol., 40: 1019-1025.

Books

• Molecular Biotechnology, third edition. Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J. 2003. Amer. Soc. for Microbiol., Washtington, D.C., 800 pages. Translated into German, Italian, Russian and Chinese.
• Biochemical and Genetic Mechanisms Used by Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria, Glick, B.R., Patten, C.L., Holguin, G. and Penrose, D.M. 1999. Imperial College Press, 270 pages.