Heterogeneous catalysis stands as a cornerstone of the modern chemical industry, with the pursuit of more efficient catalysts at its forefront. The inadequacy of sufficiently efficient catalytic materials emerges as the primary limiting factor, hindering the broader application of many sustainable technologies. Enhancements in catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability are crucial for advancing toward a sustainable future. Additionally, understanding the dynamic nature of catalysts under reaction conditions is essential for more efficient catalyst design.