Vassili Karanassios

Connected Devices Leader; Professor, Chemistry

Research interests: micro- and nano-analytical chemistry and instrumentation

Biography

Professor Vassili Karanassios is a faculty member in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Waterloo. He received his PhD degree in Chemistry from the University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta). After that, he was a Post Doctoral Fellow in the Department of Chemistry, McGill University (Montreal, Quebec). Subsequently, he was appointed to the post of Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry of the University of Waterloo a member of the Guelph-Waterloo Center for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry. In 2001 he was promoted to full Professor.

Since his arrival at the University of Waterloo, Karanassios supervised more than 100 visiting scientists, post doctoral fellows and graduate students,a authored a book, published more than 115 papers, wrote 6 technical reports and holds 3 patents.

Additionally, he has given over 350 presentations at national and international conferences, universities, government and industrial labs and has organized 27 symposia and sessions at national and international conferences.

Education

  • Post-Doctoral Fellow: McGill University
  • PhD, Chemistry, University of Alberta
  • BSc, Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece

Vassili Karanassios

Research

Micro- and nano-samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) atomic emission and ICP-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

The overall aim of this program is to develop instrumentation, techniques and methodology for accurate and precise chemical analyses of micro- or nano-size samples.

Example projects include analysis of single nano-particles, individual nano-volume cells and tiny amounts of metallo-enzymes (e.g., for metallomic applications), methods for rapid determination of the stoichiometry of quantum dots and other nanomaterials; molecular detection by atomic spectroscopy via immunoassays of element tagged antibodies; determinations in micro- or nano-size samples of other biological interest; collection and analysis of airborne particulate matter and determination of the chemical form of species (i.e., chemical speciation) and homogeneity of materials a-particle-at-a-time.

To improve the quality of analytical data, to address resolution questions and interference problems and, in an attempt to make spectrochemical measurement systems smarter, mathematical methods are applied to chemical problems (i.e., chemometrics) and signal processing and artificial intelligence methods are used in a number of projects.

Paradigm shift in classical chemical analysis: taking the lab to the sample via micro-miniaturization

Research in this area is aimed at making instruments smaller, cheaper, faster and smarter via integration of chip-based, low-power, shirt-pocket size smart-systems that can be used in the field. Example projects include development of chip-based micro-fluidic devices (e.g., Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)) in a variety of substrates for inorganic, organic, biological (e.g., DNA) and clinical samples, micro-In-Torch Vaporization (ITV) for battery-operated Micro-Plasma Devices (MPDs) as light or ion sources, micro optical or mass spectrometers that utilize portable, palm-size and wireless data-acquisition systems, and instruments on-a-chip.

Research interests

  • Micro and nano-analytical chemistry
  • Micro and nano samples
  • Micro-miniaturization (lab-on-a-chip)

Publications

Recent publications include:

  • “Determination of the loading and stability of Pd in an arborescent copolymer in ethanol by microplasma-optical emission spectrometry”, O. Nguon, M. Gauthier and V. Karanassios, RSC Advances, 4, 8978-8984 (2014).

  • “Rhenium coil field sampling for determinations by ICP-AES with electrothermal vaporization sample introduction”, H. R. Badiei and V. Karanassios, Spectroscopy, 29(1), 30-43 (2014).

  • “3d-printed, sugar cube-size microplasma on a hybrid chip used as a spectral-lamp to characterize UV-Vis transmission characteristics of polycarbonate chips for microfluidic applications”, D. Devathasan, K. Trebych and V. Karanassios, Defense, Security and Sensing; Proc. SPIE 8718, 8718B1-87280B6 (2013).

  • “Survey of energy harvesting and energy scavenging approaches for on-site powering of wireless sensor- and microinstrument-networks”, D. Lee, G. Dulai and V. Karanassios, Defense, Security and Sensing; Proc. SPIE 8028, 87280S1-87280S9 (2013).

  • “Artificial neural networks (ANNs) compared to partial least squares (PLS) for spectral interference correction in optical emission spectrometry”, Z. Li ; X. Zhang ; V. Karanassios, Defense, Security and Sensing; Proc. SPIE 8750, 87500C1-87500C7 (2013).

  • “A microfabricated, low dark current a-Se detector for measurement of microplasma optical emission in the UV for possible use on-site”, S. Abbaszadeh ; Karim S. Karim ; V. Karanassios, Defense, Security and Sensing; Proc. SPIE 8026, 87260S1-87280S7 (2013).

  • “Measurement of UV from a microplasma by a microfabricated amorphous selenium detector”, S. Abbaszadeh, K. S. Karim and V. Karanassios, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 60(2), 880-883 (2013)

  • “Taking part of the lab to the sample: on-site electrodeposition of Pb followed by measurement in the lab using electrothermal, near-torch vaporization sample introduction and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry”, H. R. Badiei, C. Liu and V. Karanassios, Microchemical Journal, 108. 131-136 (2013).

  • “Bringing part of the lab to the field: on-site chromium speciation in seawater by electrodeposition of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) on portable coiled-filament assemblies and measurement in the lab by electrothermal, near-torch vaporization sample introduction and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry”, H. R. Badiei, J. McEnaney and V. Karanassios, Spectrochimica Acta Part B, 78, 42-49 (2012).

  • “Micro- and nano-volume samples by electrothermal, near-torch vaporization sample introduction using removable, interchangeable and portable rhenium coiled-filament assemblies and axially-viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry”, H. R. Badiei, B. Lai and V. Karanassios, Spectrochimica Acta Part B 77, 19-30 (2012).

  • “Rapid prototyping of solar-powered, battery-operated, atmospheric-pressure, sugar-cube size microplasma on hybrid, 3d chips for elemental analysis of liquid microsamples using a portable optical emission spectrometer”, X. Zhang and V. Karanassios, Defense, Security and Sensing by Optics and Photonics, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), Proc. of SPEI, 8366, 8366D1-8366D6 (2012).

  • “Rapid prototyping of a microfluidics-based Venturi micropump imprinted on polymeric, postage stamp sized chips”, C. Curtis, B. Eshaque, K. Badali and V. Karanassios, Defense, Security and Sensing by Optics and Photonics, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), Proc. of SPIE, 8633, 83660P1-83660P8 (2012).

  • “Further development of artificial neural networks for spectral interference correction in optical emission spectrometry”, Z. Li, S. Huang and V. Karanassios, Defense, Security and Sensing by Optics and Photonics, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE); Proc. of SPIE, 8041, 8401Y1-84010Y7 (2012).

  • “Rapid prototyping of hybrid, plastic-quartz 3d-chips for battery-operated microplasmas”, S. Weagant, L. Li and V. Karanassios, Book chapter in: Rapid Prototyping Technology - Principles and Functional Requirements, E. M. Hoque (Ed.), ISBN 978-953-307-970-7 (Sept. 2011).

  • “Battery-operated, argon-hydrogen microplasma on hybrid, postage stamp-size plastic-quartz chips for elemental analysis of liquid microsamples using a portable optical emission spectrometer”, S. Weagant, V. Chen and V. Karanassios, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 401(9), 2865-2880 (2011)

  • “Battery-operated, planar-geometry microplasma on a postage-stamp size chips: Some fundamentals” S. Weagant and V. Karanassios, Defense, Security and Sensing; Proc. SPIE 8024, 80240L (2011).

  • “Application of wavelet transforms in de-noising optical emission transient signals generated from microsamples introduced into a microplasma and comparison with Fourier- and Hartrley transforms”, D. Hunter and V. Karanassios, Defense, Security and Sensing; Proc. SPIE 8058, 80580A (2011).

  • “Development of artificial neural networks for spectral interference correction in optical emission spectrometry”, Z. Li and V. Karanassios, Defense, Security and Sensing; Proc. SPIE 8058, 80580J (2011).

  • “Mobile micro- and nano-instruments: Small, Cheap and under Wireless Control”, S. Weagant, A. T. Smith and V. Karanassios, Electrochemical society; ECS Transactions, 28(14), 1-6 (2010).

  • “Nonamyloid aggregates arising from mature Copper/Zinc Superoxide dismutase resemble thgose observed in amyotropic lateral sclerosis”, Y.-M. Huang, P. B. Stathopoulos, K. Dimmic, H. Yang, H. R. Badiei, M. S. Tong, J. A. O. Rumfeldt, P. Chen, V. Karanassios and E. M. Meiring, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285 (53), 41701-41711 (2010)

  • “Helium-hydrogen microplasma device (MPD) on postage-stamp-size plastic-quartz chips”. S. Weagent and V. Karanassios. Analytical and Bio Analytical Chemistry, 395, 577-589 (2009).

  • “Microplasmas and sample introduction”. V. Karanassios. ICP Inf. NewsLetter, 33(9), 1066-1069 (2008)

  • “Micromachined, planar-geometry, atmospheric-pressure, battery-operated microplasma devices (MPDs) on chips for microsamples of liquids, gases or solids by optical emission spectrometry”, V. Karanassios, K. Johnson and A. T. Smith, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 388, 1595-1604 (2007).

  • “Purification and characterization of an iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase from extremely thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga hypogea”. Ying, X., Y. Wang, H. R. Badiei, V. Karanassios, and K. Ma, Arch. Microbiology, 187, 499-510 (2007).

  • “Micro- and nano-instrument power”, V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Materials Research Society (MRS), Mater. Res. Soc. Symp., Proc., 973E, Paper 0973-BB02-1 (2007)

  • “Ti in dilute slurries of TiO2 nano-particles by in-torch vaporization-inductively coupled plasmas-sector field mass spectrometry”. B. Gibson, H. R. Badiei and V. Karanassios. Spectrochimica Acta, Part B, 61, 753-758 (2006).

  • “Particle sample introduction system for inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry”. L. Greib and V. Karanassios. Spectrochimica Acta, Part B, 61, 164-180 (2006).

  • “68Zn isotope exchange experiments reveal an unusual kinetic lability of the metal ions in the di-zinc form of IMP-1 metallo-b-lactamase”. S. Siemann, H. R. Badiei, V. Karanassios, T. Viswanatha and G. I. Dmitrienko. Chemical Communications, 532-534 (2006).

  • “Microplasmas for chemical analysis: analytical tools or research toys?” V. Karanassios. Spectrochimica Acta, Part B, 59, 909-928 (2004) [Invited, nominated for the best paper in SAB in 2004 award].

  • “Simultaneous determination of the Cd and Zn total body burden of individual, nearly microscopic, nanoliter-volume aquatic organisms (Hyalella azteca) by rhenium-cup in-torch vaporization (ITV) sample introduction and axially viewed ICP-AES”. Andrea T. Smith, Hamid R. Badiei, J. Catherine Evans and V. Karanassios . Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 380(2), 212-217 (2004).

  • “Battery-operated microplasma devices (MPDs)”. V. Karanassios, A. T. Smith and K. Johnson. Micro Total Analysis Systems, Th. Laurell et. al. (Eds.), RSC press, Cambridge (UK), Vol. 2, 409-411 (2004).

  • “Micro-samples of a metallo-enzyme by Re-cup in-torch vaporization (ITV)-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES)”. Hamid R. Badiei, Peter B. Stathopulos, Elizabeth M. Meiring and V. Karanassios . Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 200-206 (2004).

  • “Kinetic study using micro-samples of a metalloenzyme by in-torch vaporization (ITV)-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)”. Hamid R. Badiei, Stefan Siemann, Gary I. Dmitrienko and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 384-390 (2004).

  • “Microfluidics on glass chips”. B. Eshaque and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 246-251 (2004).

  • “Soft lithography and microfluidics on plastic chips”. S. Eshaque and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 252-257 (2004).

  • “Microarrays for toxicogenomics and other environmental monitoring applications”. S. Eshaque and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 258-261 (2004).

  • “On the feasibility of using an inkjet to print microarrays”. William Xu and Vassili Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 262-264 (2004).

  • “Micro-fluidic pump without moving parts or electrical power requirements fabricated on a plastic substrate”. Charles Curtis and Vassili Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 265-270 (2004).

  • “Critical review of MEMS vacuum pumps with focus on miniaturization and portability”. Charles Curtis and Vassili Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 271-276 (2004).

  • “Zinc in micro-samples of slurries of a marine certified reference material by ITV-ICP-AES: Is use of 250 mg (or more) of sample always necessary?”. Blair Gibson and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 222-224 (2004).

  • “In-torch vaporization (ITV) sample introduction for quadrupole-based ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) and high-resolution-ICP-MS”. G. Sprah, H. R. Badiei, B. Gibson and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 230-235 (2004).

  • “Milli-meter length (μg-weight) single strands of hair as inexpensive, time-line sensors of environmental exposure using ITV-ICPAES and Zn as an example”. Darryl Ward and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 241-245 (2004).

  • “Is resolving power of portable, small-size optical spectrometers adequate for atomic emission spectrochemical measurements?”. R. McCulloch and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 310-311 (2004).

  • “Spectral interference correction in inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry using artificial neural networks and partial least squares regression”. Z. Li and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 282-287 (2004).

  • “Application of wavelet transform in de-noising transient signals generated by in-torch vaporization-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ITV-ICP-AES)”. Z. Li and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 288-292 (2004).

  • “Enhancing nucleic acid sequence alignments: Deriving substitution matrices from polymorphism statistics”. Paul Boutros and V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 378-383 (2004).

  • “Roadmap for Waterloo’s nanotechnology initiative”. V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 194-195 (2004)

  • “Micro- and nano-size samples by in-torch vaporization (ITV) inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)”. V. Karanassios. Proceedings, Fifth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 5, 196-199 (2004)

  • “Plasmas on-a-chip and spectroscopic instrumentation”. V. Karanassios. ICP Information Newsletter, 29(7), 10-13 (2004)

  • “Teaching analytical atomic spectroscopy: An international perspective”. V. Karanassios. ICP Information Newsletter, 29(7), 18-21 ( (2004)

  • “Paradigm shift in classical elemental analysis”. V. Karanassios. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 23, 104-114 (2003)

  • “Plasmas on-a-chip”. V. Karanassios, ICP Information Newsletter, 27(10),713-717 (2002)

  • “Teaching Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy: Re-defining the Curriculum?” V. Karanassios, ICP Information Newsletter, 27 (11), 804-807 (2002)

  • “Plasmas on-a-chip”. V. Karanassios, ICP Information Newsletter, 27(10),713-717 (2002)

  • “Calcium content of individual, microscopic, (sub)-nanoliter volume Papamecium sp. cells using Re-cup ITV and axially-viewed ICP-AES”. H. R. Badiei, M. A. Rutzke and V. Karanassios, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 17, 1007-1010 (2002).

  • “Rhenium-cup ITV for axially-viewed ICP-AES and its application to the analysis of a microscopic, nanogram weight solid sample”. H. R. Badiei, A. T. Smith and V. Karanassios, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 17, 1030-1036 (2002).

  • “Teaching analytical atomic spectroscopy: Re-defining the curriculum?” V. Karanassios, ICP Information Newsletter, 27 (11), 804-807 (2002) Spectral features of ITV-ICP-MS. H. R. Badiei and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 429-434 (2002) [CAEAL Award].

  • “Spectral interference correction in ICP-AES”. Z. Li and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 423-428 (2002).

  • “Environmental monitoring with biological samples: An application of ITV-ICP-AES”. B. Gibson and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 417-422 (2002).

  • “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of an ITV vaporization chamber”. H. R. Badiei, G. D. Stubley and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 411-416 (2002).

  • “Taking (part of) the lab to the sample: From nano-samples to micro-plasmas on-a-chip”. V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 399-404 (2002)

  • “Micro-samples of element-tagged antibodies (immunoassays) by ITV-ICP-MS”. G. J. Chatzis, H. R. Badiei and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 361-366 (2002).

  • “Portability of on-site environmental monitoring: The state-of-the-art in miniature mass spectrometers”. A. Smith and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 303-308 (2002).

  • “Portability of on-site environmental monitoring: Critical review of vacuum pumps for mass spectrometry with focus on miniaturization and portability”. C. Curtis and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 233-238 (2002).

  • “Transient signal processing software for analytical determinations in the field using a palm-size computer”. A. Kolkiewicz and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 227-232 (2002).

  • “Portability for environmental monitoring: Parameters affecting resolution of small-size and miniature optical spectrometers”. R. McCulloch and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 215-220 (2002).

  • “Micro-sample introduction system for a micro flame device on-a-chip”. R. McCulloch and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 209-214 (2002).

  • “On-site environmental monitoring: Recent developments toward a portable, battery-operated system for mercury in air and in liquid or solid micro-samples”. W. Vander Wilp and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Fourth Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 4, 203-208 (2002).

  • “Micro fluidics in environmental monitoring: A proposed mechanism for anisotropic wet chemical etching of crystalline-Silicon (c-Si)”. R. Korch and V. Karanassios, SPIE Proceedings, 4205, 110 (2001).

  • “Micro fluidics in environmental monitoring: Toward a shoebox-size spectrometer”. W. Vander Wilp and V. Karanassios, SPIE Proceedings, 4205, 119 (2001).

  • “Micro fluidics in environmental monitoring: Liquid micro-samples by an in-torch vaporization –€“ micro plasma device (ITV-MPD)”. K. Johnson, W. Vander Wilp and V. Karanassios, SPIE Proceedings, 4205, 347 (2001).

  • A book on: “Discrete sample introduction techniques for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry”. D. Beauchemin, D. C. Gregoire, D. Gunther, V. Karanassios, J. M. Mermet and T. J. Wood. Elsevier, Netherlands (2000).

  • “Lead in micro-samples of whole blood by in-torch vaporization-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ITV-ICP-AES)”. W. Vander Wilp and V. Karanassios, Frezenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 368, 734-736 (2000).

  • “Feedback and diagnostic signals in direct sample insertion-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (DSI-ICP-AES)”. T. J. Wood and V. Karanassios, Canadian Journal of Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, 45, 48-52 (2000).

  • “Rhenium-cup in-torch vaporization inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ITV-ICP-AES) for liquid, slurry or solid micro-samples”. H. R. Badiei and V. Karanassios, J. of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 15, 1057-1062 (2000). One of the top 5 most downloaded JAAS papers for Sept. 2000.

  • “Plasma instrumentation and software”. V. Karanassios, ICP Information Newsletter, 26, 114-117 (2000)

  • “Teaching, training and re-training in analytical atomic spectrometry”. V. Karanassios, ICP Information Newsletter, 26, 152-155 (2000)

  • “Paradigm shift in micro-elemental enviro-analysis: From micro-samples to micro-instruments”. V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Third Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 3, 1-6 (2000) [Invited]

  • “Miniaturization in environmental micro-analysis: Reactive ion etching and plasma diagnostic techniques”. T. Charania and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Third Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 3, 7-12 (2000).

  • “Miniaturization in environmental micro-analysis: Miniature mass spectrometers”. W. Franks and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Third Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 3, 35-40 (2000).

  • “Miniaturization in environmental micro-analysis: Electrothermal methods of generating gas phase atoms”. W. Vander Wilp and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Third Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 3, 181-186 (2000).

  • “Miniaturization in environmental micro-analysis: Chemical methods of generating gas phase atoms”. W. Vander Wilp and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Third Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 3, 187-192 (2000).

  • “Reduction or elimination of spectral interference effects in ICP-MS using dry plasmas and micro-sample introduction systems”. G. Spragh and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Third Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 3, 137-142 (2000).

  • “Toward an ideal chamber design for the analysis of liquid or solid micro-samples by in-torch vaporization-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ITV-ICP-AES)”. H. R. Badiei and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Third Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 3, 143-148 (2000).

  • “Wavelet de-noising of transient signals generated from micro-samples and ITV-ICP-AES and comparison with digital filtering obtained using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) and Fast Hartley Transforms (FHTs)”. J. A. McQuay and V. Karanassios, Proceedings, Third Biennial International Conference on Monitoring and Measurement of the Environment, R. Clement and B. Burk (Eds.), 3, 149-154 (2000).

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