Contact Info
Department of Applied Mathematics
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
Canada N2L 3G1
Phone: 519-888-4567, ext. 32700
Fax: 519-746-4319
PDF files require Adobe Acrobat Reader
MC 5501
Morgan O'Neill, University of Toronto
Hydraulic jump dynamics above supercell thunderstorms
The presence of water vapor in the lower stratosphere is enormously consequential for the climate. Strong thunderstorms are known to be an important secondary source of water vapor to the lower stratosphere, and how they may feedback to large scales in a warming climate is unknown. The most severe midlatitude supercell thunderstorms often feature an Above-Anvil Cirrus Plume (AACP), which is a wake of ice and water vapor downstream of overshooting deep convection. The AACP is uniquely capable of lofting water high above the tropopause. Using high-resolution large eddy simulations, we show that the AACP is formed by the development of a new type of hydraulic jump at the tropopause. The `effective topography’ that forces the jump is the storm top, which is permeable, evolving and experiencing water phase changes. Upon jump onset, the simulated water vapor injection rate into the stratospheric overworld increases from less than 1 tonne/s to more than 7 tonnes/s, accompanied by windspeeds that exceed 110 m/s at the tropopause. Both tropospheric and stratospheric air participates in the fast jet at the tropopause and the jump downstream. The presence of a threshold past which some storms become effective hydrators of the lower stratosphere suggests a blind spot in large-scale climate models unable to resolve this behavior.
Contact Info
Department of Applied Mathematics
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario
Canada N2L 3G1
Phone: 519-888-4567, ext. 32700
Fax: 519-746-4319
PDF files require Adobe Acrobat Reader
The University of Waterloo acknowledges that much of our work takes place on the traditional territory of the Neutral, Anishinaabeg and Haudenosaunee peoples. Our main campus is situated on the Haldimand Tract, the land granted to the Six Nations that includes six miles on each side of the Grand River. Our active work toward reconciliation takes place across our campuses through research, learning, teaching, and community building, and is co-ordinated within the Office of Indigenous Relations.