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Investigating the distribution of dark matter in the universe has always been a crucial task. One approach to achieve this is by examining its astrophysical tracers, which provide not only insight into matter distribution but also hold rich information regarding the astrophysical processes involved in their formation and evolution.

The global spread of infectious diseases through travel and immigration significantly heightens morbidity and mortality rates, leading to major economic, social, and political upheaval. To mitigate these impacts and effectively manage disease control, it is critical to study the properties and behaviors of epidemic diseases.