Biological and Medical Physics degree

Woman undergoing eye exam, looking at camera while using machine.

The laws of physics applied to the complexity of life

If you enjoy biology and physics and want a career in medical technology, cancer research, neurophysics, biophysics instrumentation, or academia, Biological and Medical Physics at Waterloo is for you.

Run by the Department of Physics and Astronomy — one of the largest and most innovative physics departments in Canada — this flexible and interdisciplinary program is based on a solid foundation of physics, chemistry, and biology. Not to mention you'll have the opportunity to gain paid work experience through co-op work terms.

Join a program that fosters curious minds to question the smallest particles, the largest forces, and everything in between. You’ll enjoy small classes, hands-on labs, and the opportunity to get involved in research and teaching.

Be part of a community that includes professor Zoya Leonenko, who uses nanotechnology to study Alzheimer's disease, Bae-Yeun Ha, who uses theoretical biophysics to predict how molecules behave within cells, as well as Nobel Prize laureate Donna Strickland, whose research led to profound impacts in medicine, enabling advancements in laser eye surgery and cancer treatment through highly precise and powerful laser pulses.

What courses will you take?

First-year courses

Programs/majors in the Faculty of Science start right in first year. To select your program with confidence, here’s some handy info to get you started.

September to December

January to April

This is a sample schedule. Courses or when a course is offered may change depending on availability.

Sample upper-year courses

  • PHYS/BIOL 280 – Introduction to Biophysics
  • PHYS 380 – Molecular & Cellular Biophysics
  • PHYS 395 – Biophysics of Therapeutic Methods
  • PHYS 396 – Biophysics of Imaging
  • PHYS 383 – Medical Physics
  • PHYS 483 – Advanced Therapeutic Concepts in Oncology and Medical Physics

 Types of courses you'll take

28% physics, 8% biology, 11% chemistry, 6% math, 11% program electives, 33% free electives, 3% communications

This is a general guideline. The ratio of courses may change slightly from year to year.

Skills you'll develop with this major

  • Quantitative and analytical thinking in biology and health-related professions
  • Statistical and analytical problem solving in life sciences
  • Modeling clinical procedures with scientific methods
  • Integrated laboratory methodologies in biology, chemistry, and physics
  • Technical skills to implement experiments in life and medical physics

This isn't an exhaustive list – rather a glimpse into the skills a Biological and Medical Physics major can provide.

Your experience will be unique, and the skills you develop will depend on your goals; which courses you take; and your involvement with any clubs, jobs, or research projects.

Customize your degree

You can add additional areas of interest and expertise by including one of the minors available to all Waterloo students.

Science + AI: Discover what’s possible

Artificial intelligence is transforming the way scientists explore our world, from uncovering patterns in biological data to tackling global challenges in health and the environment.

At Waterloo, students in the Faculty of Science can learn how AI and science work together to drive new discoveries and innovation.

Examples of how we're using AI to make an impact

Murto Hilali and Kritika Grover
Murto Hilali (left) and Kritika Grover (right) used AI at SickKids Research Institute in Toronto to visualize genes and predict how they could influence symptoms of cerebral palsy. Kritika said the field of bioinformatics was new territory for her, and throughout her work, became inspired by the potential of AI in transforming healthcare research.  

Faculty:
Faculty of Science

Degree:
Bachelor of Science in Biological and Medical Physics

Available as a co-op program?
Yes

Available as a regular program?
Yes

Available as a minor?
No

Learn from top researchers. Get the scoop on the latest research in the physics seminar, which brings together all Waterloo physics students for talks from top scientists.

Make friends for life. Plan to live in residence? Join the Science Living Learning Community to connect with students who share your passion (and get study support).

Co-op = relevant paid work experience

In the world's leading co-op program, you'll explore potential careers, learn to interview for jobs, graduate with up to two years of valuable experience — and make money!

Sample co-op job titles

  • Medical device design assistant
  • Ultrasound image reconstruction specialist
  • X-ray diffraction technologist
  • Science and math peer tutor
  • Undergraduate research assistant
  • Quality assurance analyst

Co-op work-study sequence

Starting in second year, you'll normally alternate between school and work every four months, integrating your classroom learning with real-world experience. You can return to the same employer for a couple of work terms to gain greater knowledge and responsibility or work for different employers to get a broad range of experience.

Your first work term will be in the winter term of your second year.

Year September to December (Fall) January to April (Winter) May to August (Spring)
First Study Study Off
Second Study Co-op Study
Third Co-op Co-op Study
Fourth Co-op Study Co-op
Fifth Study    


Learn more about co-op →

What can you do with a degree in Biological and Medical Physics?

Biological and Medical Physics is a uniquely interdisciplinary degree, which gives you a great deal of flexibility depending on which electives you choose. You could pursue professional programs such as medicine or optometry or work in fields such as radiation oncology and medical imaging. You could specialize as a health physics technician in industries, or as a medical physicist or medical imaging technician in hospitals. You could also go on to do research related to biology, physics, or both.

The careers listed below are examples of what you might be able to pursue. Through the courses you take, specializations you choose, extracurriculars, and any work experience you gain, you'll graduate with a degree that's uniquely you and be ready to pursue a career that's right for you!

Medical imaging technologist

Support professionals who use imaging tools like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to examine the body. Prepare patients and ensure equipment is working properly. It’s a great fit if you’re interested in how physics is used in healthcare.

Radiation therapy specialist

Assist to deliver radiation treatments to patients, often those with cancer. Assist with equipment setup and patient care while following precise safety procedures. This is a meaningful career where physics directly supports life-saving treatments.

Biomedical equipment technician

Work with essential medical devices like heart monitors and imaging machines to keep them running smoothly. You’ll test, repair, and troubleshoot equipment to make sure healthcare teams can rely on accurate results. Each day brings new challenges where your problem-solving skills help to support patient care through advanced technology.

Medical physics technician

Apply physics principles in healthcare settings by calibrating and testing equipment used for diagnosis and treatment. Work with radiation-based technologies, ensuring everything operates safely and precisely. Your attention to detail will play a crucial role in delivering accurate treatments and protecting patient safety.

Radiation safety officer

Monitor how radiation is used in hospitals or laboratories. Check safety procedures, track exposure levels, and help ensure all guidelines are followed. You’ll actively protect both people and the environment while supporting safe medical practices.

Biophysics researcher

Study how physical principles apply to biological systems, such as how cells respond to forces or energy. Your daily tasks may include running experiments and analyzing data. It’s a good fit if you enjoy combining physics and biology in a lab setting.

Medical device designer

Support the development of new medical technologies like imaging systems or diagnostic tools. This could involve testing prototypes and analyzing performance. It’s an exciting path if you’re interested in innovation and engineering in healthcare.

Healthcare data specialist

Analyze data from complex medical equipment to improve performance and patient outcomes, including studying imaging results or system efficiency. This is a great role if you enjoy data, technology, and healthcare.

Nuclear medicine technologist consultant

Assist in procedures that use small amounts of radioactive materials to diagnose or treat diseases, prepare equipment, and support patient care. It’s a unique career where physics meets medicine in a very direct way.

Quality assurance specialist (medical equipment)

Test and monitor medical devices to ensure they meet strict safety and performance standards, involving detailed inspections and reporting results. You’ll be in a structured role that plays an important part in patient safety.

Clinical engineering technician

Work alongside healthcare teams to manage and maintain medical technologies used in hospitals. This includes troubleshooting equipment and supporting upgrades. It’s a dynamic role that combines engineering, physics, and healthcare.

Laser technology specialist (medical applications)

Work with lasers that are used in medical treatments or procedures, such as eye surgery or dermatology. This could involve maintaining equipment or assisting with procedures. This is a specialized career that highlights the practical use of physics.

Forensic technology technician (biophysics focus)

Apply physics and biology to analyze evidence, such as imaging or trace materials. Your work helps uncover key details in investigations. It’s a fascinating field where science supports the justice system.

Technical sales representative (medical technology)

Use your knowledge of physics and medical systems to explain advanced equipment to healthcare professionals. Your role involves both communication and technical understanding. It’s a great option if you enjoy working with people and technology.

Imaging systems support specialist

You’ll help install, maintain, and troubleshoot imaging systems used in hospitals or clinics. This could include working directly with clients to solve technical issues.  You would be in a hands-on career that keeps essential healthcare technology running smoothly.

You can learn more about medical physics and career options on the Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists website.

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Admission requirements

Ontario students

Six Grade 12 U and/or M courses including

  • English (ENG4U) (minimum final grade of 70% is required)
  • Advanced Functions (minimum final grade of 70% is required)
  • Calculus and Vectors (minimum final grade of 70% is required)
  • Two of: Biology, Chemistry, Earth and Space Science, Mathematics of Data Management, or Physics

Admission averages: Low 80s

Not studying in Ontario?

Search our admission requirements.

How to apply

Apply to Physical Sciences and select Biological and Medical Physics as your major in first year.

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