What is gender studies?

Written by Kayla (she/her), student

Gender studies looks at way more than what you might think! It’s not just a study of identity — it’s about challenging systemic injustices and moving toward equity for all.

If you’ve ever wondered, “What is gender studies?”, you’re not alone. I was in the same boat. But, after doing some research, talking with others at Waterloo, and connecting with some recent alumni, I’m excited to share what I learned with you.

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Definition of gender studies

Gender studies (at Waterloo, our program is called “Gender and Social Justice”) is about exploring the expectations people or groups have of others based on gender. The program encourages critical thinking about power dynamics, social structures, cultural norms, and historical contexts.

The core concepts in a gender studies degree like Gender and Social Justice are gender identity, gender expression, and gendered societal roles. These topics frame conversations and explorations of the ways gender shapes society and influences everyday life.

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The importance of studying gender

Jillian Barlow (she/her), a Waterloo Arts and Business, Gender and Social Justice major graduate, found that her program was perfect for discovering a career focused on meaningful change.

Every day, the theory I studied in Gender and Social Justice directly informs the work I do. As a lawyer, I’m part of the legal system, which is built on colonization. I feel a deep responsibility to push for a more equitable legal system. That sense of purpose makes my work truly meaningful.

Jillian Barlow (she/her) (BA ’20), Honours Arts and Business, Gender and Social Justice major

Why study gender?

While studying Gender and Social Justice, Jillian developed a strong foundation in critical theory (a school of thought based on the concept that knowledge, culture, and history are primarily shaped by power dynamics between dominant and oppressed groups) while gaining practical skills through co-op and business courses.

“The program taught me to think critically, challenge systems of power, and apply those insights to real-world issues,” says Jillian. “I had a distant dream of one day potentially becoming a human rights lawyer, and it became a reality through this program.”

Key concepts in gender studies

So, what do you study in gender studies?

You may have heard someone say, “Gender is a social construct.” This idea, central to the study of gender, means that what we understand to be a gender is a result of the norms of our culture. In other words, we’re socialized into our understanding of gender and how it should be expressed, and these ideas aren’t baked into our biological sex. The way these cultural norms arise and their impact is an early concept you'll explore in gender studies.

Gender studies courses you can take at Waterloo include the following.

Gender and Social Justice in Popular Culture: Examine how popular culture portrays gender, race, and other identities — and consider whether it helps to fight or reinforce injustice.
The Waves of Feminist Thought: Explore the ideas behind first-, second-, and third-wave feminism, see where they agree or clash, and what wave we could be in today.
The Discourse of Dissent: Study how movements like civil rights, environmentalism, and health protests have driven social change.

What can you do with a gender studies degree?

Career opportunities

A gender studies degree can prepare you for careers in law, advocacy, education, and more.

For Jillian, studying Gender and Social Justice at Waterloo led to her becoming a lawyer at PooranLaw, where she advocates for people with disabilities and human rights.

This program gives you the tools to think critically, communicate clearly, and advocate for change — skills that are valuable in any career. For me, it was the perfect foundation for law school. If you're passionate about creating impact, this degree will prepare you to do just that, wherever your path leads.

Jillian Barlow (she/her) (BA ’20), Honours Arts and Business, Gender and Social Justice major

A group of people gathered together having a discussion

Research and education

A gender studies degree can provide a strong foundation for further education and research.

Sophia Amstutz (she/her) graduated from Gender and Social Justice at Waterloo in 2022, then spent three years working at Mennonite Economic Development Associates (MEDA), creating work opportunities for women and youth in agriculture. Sophia will soon begin a Master of Environmental Science to build on her work addressing social injustice.

“I honed skills in critical thinking, analysis, and problem-solving —all skills that transferred to my career and aspirations,” says Sophia. “As I pursue a Master of Environmental Science, I’m looking for further ways to address the disproportionate impacts of climate change on women globally.”

Civic engagement

Gender studies graduates are well-prepared to take part in community initiatives and advocacy campaigns. Many find careers in public relations or media outreach to raise awareness and drive change on gender issues.

“Think outside the box and understand that this degree is multifaceted!” says Sophia. “There are many different avenues you can pursue with a Gender and Social Justice degree, whether it’s influencing policy, working at local non-profits to create change in your communities, or for organizations like MEDA, supporting gender equality on a global scale.”

If you’re looking for ways to combine your passions with your profession and contribute meaningfully, Waterloo’s Gender and Social Justice program will equip you with both the hard and soft skills needed to achieve tangible impact in your career

Sophia Amstutz (she/her) (BA ’22), Honours Arts, Gender and Social Justice major