Understanding Current Empathy-Based Pedagogy in Engineering Education

Jenny HowcroftKate Mercer

Grant Recipients

Jenny Howcroft, Systems Design Engineering

Kate Mercer, Library & Systems Design Engineering

Description

Empathy is the ability to understand other’s perspectives, and is a necessary soft skill for 21st century engineers. Empathy skills benefit students by supporting deeper understanding of users, increased creativity, and ethical skill development. However, empathy-based pedagogy is an underdeveloped area of engineering education research. We aim to contribute to this research area by developing an understanding of (1) instructors’ empathy knowledge, perceptions, and values, and (2) empathy-based pedagogy in engineering and architecture courses. This will be accomplished through a survey within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Waterloo. This survey can provide an overview of empathy perceptions and pedagogy across the faculty and identify differences between departments, genders, course types (e.g., design vs technical), etc. in perceptions of empathy and incorporation of empathy-based pedagogy.  This research is part of a larger goal to build a pedagogical framework for engineering-empathy-based education.

References

[1]        M. H. Davis, “A multidimensional approach to individual difference in empathy,” in JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 1980, p. 85.

[2]        J. Strobel, J. Hess, R. Pan, and C. A. W. Morris, “Empathy and care within engineering: qualitative perspectives from engineering faculty and practicing engineers,” Engineering Studies, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 137–159, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.1080/19378629.2013.814136.

[3]        X. Tang, “From 'Empathic Design’ to ’Empathic Engineering’: Toward a Genealogy of Empathy in Engineering Education,” Salt Lake City, Utah, 2018, p. 22414.

[4]        J. Walther, S. E. Miller, and N. W. Sochacka, “A Model of Empathy in Engineering as a Core Skill, Practice Orientation, and Professional Way of Being,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 123–148, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20159.

[5]        J. L. Hess, S. Miller, S. Higbee, G. A. Fore, and J. Wallace, “Empathy and ethical becoming in biomedical engineering education: a mixed methods study of an animal tissue harvesting laboratory,” Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–11, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1080/22054952.2020.1796045.

[6]        G. Hoople and A. Choi-Fitzpatrick, “Engineering Empathy: A Multidisciplinary Approach Combining Engineering, Peace Studies, and Drones,” Columbus, Ohio, 2017, p. 19372.

[7]        D. G. Johnson, N. Genco, M. N. Saunders, P. Williams, C. C. Seepersad, and K. Hölttä-Otto, “An Experimental Investigation of the Effectiveness of Empathic Experience Design for Innovative Concept Generation,” Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. 052009, 12 pages, Mar. 2014, doi: 10.1115/1.4026951.

[8]        N. Genco, D. Johnson, K. Ho¨ltta¨-Otto, and C. C. Seepersad, “A Study of the Effectiveness of Empathic Experience Design as a Creativity Technique,” Jun. 2012, pp. 131–139. doi: 10.1115/DETC2011-48256.

[9]        S. Raviselvam, K. Hölttä-Otto, and K. L. Wood, “User Extreme Conditions to Enhance Designer Empathy and Creativity: Applications Using Visual Impairment,” presented at the ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Dec. 2016. doi: 10.1115/DETC2016-59602.

[10]      K. Battarbee and I. Koskinen, “Co-experience: user experience as interaction,” International Journal of CoCreation in Design and Arts, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 5–18, 2005.

[11]      M. Q. Patton, Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice, Fourth. Sage Publications Inc., 2015.

[12]      R. Pedersen, “Empathy development in medical education--a critical review,” Med Teach, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 593–600, 2010, doi: 10.3109/01421590903544702.

[13]      M. Alsager Alzayed, C. McComb, J. Menold, J. Huff, and S. R. Miller, “Are you feeling me? An exploration of empathy development in engineering design education,” Journal of Mechanical Design, pp. 1–57, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1115/1.4048624.

[14]      J. Walther, M. A. Brewer, N. W. Sochacka, and S. E. Miller, “Empathy and engineering formation,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 109, no. 1, pp. 11–33, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20301.

[15]      J. Walther, S. E. Miller, and N. Kellam, “Exploring the role of empathy in engineering communication through a transdisciplinary dialogue,” presented at the 119th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, 2012. Accessed: Feb. 18, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/exploring-the-role-of-empathy-in-engineering-communication-throug-2

[16]      P. Reese, “Utilizing Empathy-Based Course Modules to Enhance Student Motivation in Lower Level Mechanics Courses,” 2017. doi: 10.18260/1-2--29100.

[17]      J. L. Hess and N. D. Fila, “The Development and Growth of Empathy Among Engineering Students,” in ASEE, New Orleans, Los Angeles, 2016, p. 16281. Accessed: Feb. 18, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/handle/1805/12192

[18]      J. A. Leydens and J. C. Lucena, “The Problem of Knowledge in Incorporating Humanitarian Ethics in Engineering Education: Barriers and Opportunities,” in Proceedings. Frontiers in Education. 36th Annual Conference, Oct. 2006, pp. 24–29. doi: 10.1109/FIE.2006.322645.

[19]      M. G. Burnham, “The ‘systems approach’ to human problems: How humanitarian engineering can help,” in 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society, May 2009, pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1109/ISTAS.2009.5155899.

[20]      D. Nieusma and D. Riley, “Designs on development: engineering, globalization, and social justice,” Engineering Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 29–59, Apr. 2010, doi: 10.1080/19378621003604748.

[21]      C. Titus, C. B. Zoltowski, and W. C. Oakes, “Designing in a Social Context: Situating Design in a Human-Centered, Social World,” Jun. 2011, p. 22.444.1-22.444.11. Accessed: May 11, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://peer.asee.org/designing-in-a-social-context-situating-design-in-a-human-centered-social-world

[22]      J. L. Hess, J. Strobel, and R. Pan, “Voices from the workplace: practitioners’ perspectives on the role of empathy and care within engineering: Engineering Studies: Vol 8, No 3,” Engineering Studies, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 212–242, 2016.