Mathematical Physics degree

professor and student talking in lab

Study the very big to the very small. This math is universal.

Look for answers to the universe’s largest questions and launch a dynamic career.

Discover the mathematical and theoretical underpinnings of the laws of nature. From the foundations of quantum theory and its applications in nanotechnology to atmospheric physics, fluid mechanics, and the structure of spacetime in cosmology, Mathematical Physics will give you the advanced mathematical problem-solving skills needed for a wide range of careers.

You'll dig deep into classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and electromagnetism, with elective courses in everything from relativity and astrophysics to fluid mechanics and advanced/applied quantum mechanics.

You can study Mathematical Physics through the Faculty of Mathematics or the Faculty of Science. The programs are similar. It's helpful to look at the courses below for the differences. In Science, you'll learn as a physicist with a strong background in mathematics. In math, you'll take the perspective of a mathematician, applying your knowledge to physics.

Either way, your career possibilities are infinite (figuratively, of course.).

What courses will you take in Mathematical Physics? (Faculty of Mathematics)

First-year courses

In your first year, you'll take a mixture of Physics, Mathematics, and Computer Science courses to give you the foundations for your upper-year classes. After first year, most of your classes will be Physics and Mathematics courses.

You may also select advanced-stream courses for algebra, calculus, and computer science if you meet the requirements. Details will be sent during course selection in June.

September to December

  • MATH 135 – Algebra for Honours Mathematics
  • MATH 137 – Calculus 1 for Honours Mathematics
  • PHYS 121 – Mechanics
  • CS 115 – Introduction to Computer Science OR CS 135 – Designing Functional Programs
  • One communication skills course

January to April

  • MATH 136 – Linear Algebra 1 for Honours Mathematics
  • MATH 138 – Calculus 2 for Honours Mathematics
  • PHYS 122 – Electricity and Magnetism
  • CS 116 – Introduction to Computer Science OR CS 136 – Elementary Algorithm Design and Data Abstraction
  • One communication skills course

This is a sample schedule. Courses or when a course is offered may change depending on availability.

After first year

About half of the classes you’ll take will be Physics courses, with roughly the other half being Applied Mathematics and Math courses. With your remaining classes, you can choose electives from many of the 100 subject areas at Waterloo.

Sample upper-year courses

AMATH 361 – Continuum Mechanics
AMATH 353 – Partial Differential Equations 1
PHYS 476 – Introduction to General Relativity
PHYS 359 – Statistical Mechanics

Customize your degree

You can add additional areas of expertise to your degree by including one or more of the minors available to all Waterloo students.

Once you're a student, advisors can help you explore which minors or specializations may fit into your plans.

What courses will you take in Mathematical Physics? (Faculty of Science)

First-year courses

Your first year will be a mix of Physics and Mathematics courses to give you the foundations for your upper-year classes. You'll take Physics lab courses (for hands-on experience!), Science breadth courses (a physicist is also a scientist!), and a Science communications course. 

After first year, most of your classes will be Physics and Mathematics courses.

September to December

January to April

  • PHYS 10 – Physics Seminar
  • CS 114 – Principles of Computing for Science
  • PHYS 122/122L – Electricity and Magnetism/ Laboratory
  • MATH 136 – Linear Algebra 1 for Honours Mathematics
  • MATH 138 – Calculus 2 for Honours Mathematics
  • CHEM 123 – General Chemistry 2 or EARTH 122/122L – Introductory Environmental Sciences/Laboratory

After first year

About half of the classes you’ll take will be Physics courses and about half will be Math courses, with three of these being fourth-year elective choices geared towards theoretical physics. 

For your remaining classes, you can choose electives from the 100 or so subjects at Waterloo. If you’re interested in grad school, be sure to take PHYS 437A/B where you can pursue your own major research project!
 

Sample upper-year courses

PHYS 357 – Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics
PHYS 380 – Molecular and Cellular Biophysics
PHYS 444 – Introduction to Particle Physics
PHYS 467 – Introduction to Quantum Information Processing
PHYS 474 – Galaxies
PHYS 476 – Introduction to General Relativity
 

Skills you'll develop with this major

  • Foundations for theoretical physics
  • Advanced mathematical skills
  • Qualitative and quantitative analysis
  • Systematic, rigorous, and flexible problem solving
  • Applied programming and data analysis
  • Creative application of knowledge to design new technologies

This isn't an exhaustive list – rather a glimpse into the skills a Mathematical Physics major can provide.

Your experience will be unique, and the skills you develop will depend on your goals; which courses you take; and your involvement with any clubs, jobs, or research projects.

Customize your degree

You can add additional areas of expertise to your degree by including one or more of the minors available to all Waterloo students.

Once you're a student, advisors can help you explore which minors or specializations may fit into your plans.

Faculty:
Faculty of Mathematics or Faculty of Science

Degree:
Bachelor of Mathematics or Bachelor of Science in Mathematical Physics

Available as a co-op program?
Yes

Available as a regular program?
Yes

Available as a minor?
No

Earn your degree from a top ranking university. Ranked #1 in Canada and #38 globally for physics and among the top five nationally and #47 globally for mathematics, a Mathematical Physics degree from Waterloo will set you apart.

Learn from top researchers. Catch a lecture at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, just south of campus, or spend a research term at Waterloo’s Institute for Quantum Computing.

Co-op = relevant paid work experience

In the world's leading co-op program, you'll explore potential careers, learn to interview for jobs, graduate with up to two years of valuable experience — and make money!

Sample co-op job titles

  • Design engineer-quality assurance
  • Project engineering support
  • Performance engineering co-op student
  • Science math peer tutor
  • Undergraduate research assistant
  • Application programmer
  • Quality assurance analyst

Co-op work-study sequence

Starting in second year, you'll normally alternate between school and work every four months, integrating your classroom learning with real-world experience. You can return to the same employer for a couple of work terms to gain greater knowledge and responsibility or work for different employers to get a broad range of experience.

Your first work term will be after first year if you choose to study through the Faculty of Mathematics (May to August 2027).

Year September to December (Fall) January to April (Winter) May to August (Spring)
First Study Study Co-op
Second Study Co-op Study
Third Co-op Study Co-op
Fourth Study Co-op Co-op
Fifth Study Study  -

What can you do with a degree in Mathematical Physics?

As a Mathematical Physics graduate, you will have a powerful blend of advanced mathematics, theoretical modeling, and problem-solving skills, making you valuable in both scientific research and high-level industry roles. You’ll be able to translate complex real-world systems into precise mathematical frameworks, which opens doors far beyond academia—especially in technology, engineering, finance, software/machine learning, and data-driven fields where abstraction and analytical thinking are essential. If you pursue graduate studies, you could be a theoretical physicist or applied mathematician in academia.

Recent graduates

  • Programmer/Research Assistant — Grand River Hospital
  • Teacher — Nancy Campbell Academy
  • Specialist — Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada
  • Shopping Operations Specialist — Google
  • Lecturer — McGill University
  • Front End Engineer — Sandvine
  • Assistant Engineer — General Dynamic Canada

Learn about the future of careers in math, coding, and data.

Common questions about the program

What's the difference between Mathematical Physics in the Faculty of Science and in the Faculty of Mathematics?

You can earn your Mathematical Physics degree through the Faculty of Mathematics or the Faculty of Science. What's the difference?

  • While most of your first-year courses will be similar, you'll take two science breadth courses in the Faculty of Science versus two Computer Science courses in the Faculty of Mathematics. 
  • You'll take more science or math courses in your upper years depending on which entry program you choose.
  • The degree you earn will be either a Bachelor of Mathematics (BMath) through the Faculty of Mathematics or a Bachelor of Science (BSc) through the Faculty of Science.
  • Depending on your interests and whether you'd like to earn a math or science degree, you'll apply to one of two entry programs: Mathematics or Physical Sciences (which have different admission requirements). You'll then choose Mathematical Physics as your major within one of these entry programs.
  • The courses required to earn your degree will focus more on math or science.

How do the math courses compare to high school?

The math courses in Mathematical Physics are more focused on proving a theory or problem rather than computing or defining a specific answer. This type of math may be very different than your high school math. You may find the math similar to trigonometric identities problems.

How do the physics courses compare to high school?

The physics courses in Mathematical Physics focus on conceptual understanding and application of physical laws and principles rather than memorization. You will not be generating numerical answers to specific problems, but rather general algebraic answers, which you learn to interpret to reveal the more interesting underlying physics.

Helping you succeed – with a 90% employment rate

Waterloo is known for a rigorous and high-quality education – which helps Waterloo Math students be highly successful. 

  • Graduation rate of 86% compared to 79% for similar programs across Ontario.
  • Over 90% are employed within six months of graduation!
  • Waterloo students are 4X more likely to do an internship, co-op, field experience, or clinical placement in their first year than first-year students at other Ontario universities.

(Sources: Key performance indicators - University of Waterloo 2024, National Survey of Student Engagement 2023)

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man with crown and sceptre at math orientation event
3 women with pink ties and blazers

MathSoc

Math Society (MathSoc) is run by students for students and provides a wide range of clubs, services, and social and academic events to make your experience as a Waterloo math student the best it can be.

Campus-wide activities

There are tons of opportunities to get involved within the Faculty of Mathematics as well as campus-wide clubs, sports and recreation, and an incredible range of events!

Women in Mathematics

The Women in Mathematics (WiM) strives for all genders to be well-represented in mathematics and welcomes people with under-represented gender identities.

Women in Computer Science

Women in Computer Science (WiCS) offers events such as the Big CSters mentoring program, workshops, a speaker series, and panels about diversity in computer science and STEM.

Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (WiSTEM)

WiSTEM is a student-run club that welcomes all students (regardless of gender) to promote equality in STEM through workshops, discussions, homework help, and guest speakers.

Hack the North

As Waterloo Computer Science student, you’ll have the opportunity to participate in competitions such as Hack the North. This hack-a-thon is the largest in Canada and hosted annually at Waterloo.

Admission requirements

Apply to Mathematics or Physical Sciences and choose Mathematical Physics as your major. For Mathematical Physics majors in the Faculty of Mathematics, there are supplementary information forms, including the Admission Information Form, which are required for admission. We'll email you detailed instructions once we receive your application.

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Questions about courses, programs, requirements, or careers?

Please contact our Faculty of Mathematics recruitment team or the Science recruitment coordinator who can answer any questions you have.

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