Mathematical Optimization degree

student writing on a whiteboard

Your optimal future starts here.

The world is complex. There’s a mathematical problem-solving tool for that.

Optimization algorithms are quietly going to work all around you. From shipping schedules to food logistics and emergency room triage plans, optimization experts know how to use math to detect patterns, make the most of resources, and create the best possible outcomes in a wide variety of industries.

Start with a solid math foundation including combinatorics, forecasting, and computer simulation. You’ll learn the skills to draft the best possible schedules for airline crews flying around the world. Or build a game schedule for major league sporting events.

Optimization improves distribution efficiency for manufacturing companies, can help develop sophisticated tools for investors, and even find the best way to auction off radio frequencies to telecom companies.

There’s no better place to study optimization that Waterloo, home to the world’s largest concentration of combinatorics and optimization professors. Be here to experience it.

What courses will you take in Mathematical Optimization?

First-year courses

During your first year, you'll take a mix of foundational courses in Math and Computer Science.

In upper years, most of your classes will be combinatorics and optimization courses. You'll also take additional mathematics courses.

You may also select advanced-stream courses for algebra, calculus, and computer science if you meet the requirements. Details will be sent during course selection in June.

September to December

  • MATH 135 – Algebra for Honours Mathematics 
  • MATH 137 – Calculus 1 for Honours Mathematics 
  • Choose one course from 
    • CS 115 – Introduction to Computer Science 1 
    • CS 135 – Designing Functional Programs 
  • One communication skills course 
  • One elective

January to April

  • MATH 136 – Linear Algebra 1 for Honours Mathematics 
  • MATH 138 – Calculus 2 for Honours Mathematics 
  • Choose one course from 
    • CS 116 – Introduction to Computer Science 2 
    • CS 136 – Elementary Algorithm Design and Data Abstraction 
  • Two electives

This is a sample schedule. Courses or when a course is offered may change depending on availability.

After first year

Most of the required courses you’ll take will be combinatorics and optimization courses, with additional courses in mathematics. With your remaining classes, you can choose electives from many of the 100 subject areas at Waterloo.

Sample upper-year courses

CO 351 – Network Flow Theory
CO 372 – Portfolio Optimization Models
CO 456 – Introduction to Game Theory
CO 463 – Convex Optimization and Analysis

Customize your degree

In upper years, you'll select Business or Operations Research as your specialization. You can also add additional areas of expertise to your degree by including one or more of the  minors available to all Waterloo students

Once you're a student, advisors can help you explore which minors or specializations may fit into your plans.

Faculty:
Faculty of Mathematics

Degree:
Bachelor of Mathematics in Mathematical Optimization 

Available as a co-op program?
Yes

Available as a regular program?
Yes

Available as a minor?
No

Learn from top researchers. There’s no better place to study optimization than Waterloo, home to the world’s largest concentration of combinatorics and optimization professors.

Your choice: four years or five. Choose co-op and gain two years of career-relevant work experience. Or choose the regular system and graduate a year earlier.

Co-op = relevant paid work experience

Waterloo's co-op program, the largest in North America, is an amazing way to explore potential careers, learn to interview for jobs, graduate with up to two years of valuable experience — and make money!

Sample co-op job titles

  • Product Manager Intern
  • Ad Operations Intern
  • Internet Marketing & Analytics Intern
  • Product Manager Intern
  • Business Analyst

Co-op work-study sequence

Starting in second year, you'll normally alternate between school and work every four months, integrating your classroom learning with real-world experience. You can return to the same employer for a couple of work terms to gain greater knowledge and responsibility or work for different employers to get a broad range of experience.

Your first work term will be after first year (May to August 2026).

Year September to December (Fall) January to April (Winter) May to August (Spring)
First Study Study Co-op
Second Study Co-op Study
Third Co-op Study Co-op
Fourth Study Co-op Study
Fifth Co-op Study -

or halfway through second year (which can be January to April 2027).

Year September to December (Fall) January to April (Winter) May to August (Spring)
First Study Study Off
Second Study Co-op Study
Third Co-op Study Co-op
Fourth Study Co-op Study
Fifth Co-op Co-op Study

There are options where you can have your first work term in the spring term after first year and your second work term after second year, or in the fall term halfway through your second year.

Learn more about co-op →

What can you do with a degree in Mathematical Optimization?

Waterloo Mathematical Optimization graduates commonly pursue careers in software development, business analysis, and operations. They often work in financial institutions, consulting companies, universities, and more.

Recent graduates

  • App Software Developer - Bank of Montreal
  • Business Analyst - ThoughtWorks Canada
  • Business Technology Analyst - Deloitte Touche LLP
  • Health Information Analyst - Ministry of Health Services, British Columbia
  • IT Architect - Scotiabank
  • Institutional Analyst - University of Waterloo
  • Manager, Business Operations - Fortune Metals Inc.

Learn about the future of careers in business.

Tuition fees for programs in the Faculty of Mathematics

First-year tuition

Type of fees Tuition (8 months of school)
Domestic (Ontario residents) $9,000
Domestic (Out of province students) $9,000
International (visa students) $60,000
     
  • Estimated amounts listed include incidental fees. Fees based on 2024-25 tuition rates.
  • Visit our financing page to learn about scholarships, estimate your total expenses, and see how co-op can help pay for your education.

Student life in mathematics and computer science

MathSoc

Math Society (MathSoc) is run by students for students and provides a wide range of clubs, services, and social and academic events to make your experience as a Waterloo math student the best it can be.

Campus-wide activities

Our campus is packed with opportunities to get involved, no matter how unique your interests. Between clubs supported by the Waterloo Undergraduate Student Association, sports and recreation, and an incredible range of events, there's something for everyone at Waterloo!

Women in Mathematics

The Women in Mathematics (WiM) community encourages and advocates for women of all ages who are interested in studying math and pursuing a career in a related area.

WiM strives for all genders to be well-represented in mathematics and welcomes people with under-represented gender identities.

Women in Computer Science

Women in Computer Science (WiCS) promotes gender equity for students interested in studying computer science.

WiCS is very active and offers events such as the Big CSters mentoring program, workshops, a speaker series, and panels about diversity in computer science and STEM.

Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (WiSTEM) is a student-run club that welcomes all students (regardless of gender) to promote equality in STEM. Opportunities include skills workshops, discussions, homework help, and guest speakers.

Hack the North

As Waterloo Computer Science student, you’ll have the opportunity to participate in competitions such as Hack the North. This hack-a-thon is the largest in Canada and hosted annually at Waterloo.

Admission requirements

Ontario students: six Grade 12 U and/or M courses including

  • Advanced Functions
  • Calculus and Vectors
  • Any 4U English
  • One other 4U course

Recommended course: Grade 11 U Introduction to Computer Science

Admission averages: Individual selection from the mid-80s

We strongly encourage you to participate in the Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest and/or the Euclid Mathematics Contest to enhance your admissions status.

To be considered for entrance scholarships in the Faculty of Mathematics, you must write one or both of the contests. If you complete both contests, we'll use the results of the contest in which you performed best.

How to apply?

Apply to Mathematics and choose Mathematical Optimization as your major. Once you've applied, you'll need to complete the Admission Information Form as part of the application process.

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Questions about courses, programs, requirements, or careers?

Please contact Evan Chang, our Faculty of Mathematics recruitment coordinator who can answer any questions you have.